为什么 Rails 5 没有保存嵌套属性,因为父模型没有先保存

Why Rails 5 is not saving nested attributes because parent model is not saving first

我正在使用 Rails 5 及其最新的 stable 版本。所以我得到以下信息:

You have your association set to required but it's missing. Associations are set to required by default in rails 5 so if you want to keep one empty you need to set optional:true on your association in mode

这很好,我明白发生了什么,但是对于我的生活,我无法弄清楚如何让父模型先保存,所以 user_id 被翻译成嵌套模型记录。我在上面到处都看到相同的答案,但是除了将初始化程序中的默认值从 true 更改为 false 之外,没有人解释解决方法。这不能解决问题,因为记录确实保存了,但它不包括 user_id.

下面是我的代码库,我想问而不是用上面的引述来回应,有人可以启发我如何在保存时将 USER_ID 字段放入嵌套属性中。我拒绝禁用验证并手动处理插入,因为这不是 ruby 方式并且违反标准! 提前感谢任何能够直接回答这个问题并且没有偏离 ruby 事物方式的模糊解释的人!

###Models
#Users
class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_one :profile, inverse_of: :user
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :profile, allow_destroy: true
end

#Profiles
class Profile < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user, inverse_of: :profile
end

###Controller
class UsersController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_user, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]

  # GET /users
  # GET /users.json
  def index
    @users = User.all
  end

  # GET /users/1
  # GET /users/1.json
  def show
  end

  # GET /users/new
  def new
    @user = User.new
    @user.build_profile
  end

  # GET /users/1/edit
  def edit
    @user.build_profile
  end

  # POST /users
  # POST /users.json
  def create
    @user = User.new(user_params)

    respond_to do |format|
      if @user.save
        format.html { redirect_to @user, notice: 'User was successfully created.' }
        format.json { render :show, status: :created, location: @user }
      else
        format.html { render :new }
        format.json { render json: @user.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # PATCH/PUT /users/1
  # PATCH/PUT /users/1.json
  def update
    respond_to do |format|
      if @user.update(user_params)
        format.html { redirect_to @user, notice: 'User was successfully updated.' }
        format.json { render :show, status: :ok, location: @user }
      else
        format.html { render :edit }
        format.json { render json: @user.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # DELETE /users/1
  # DELETE /users/1.json
  def destroy
    @user.destroy
    respond_to do |format|
      format.html { redirect_to users_url, notice: 'User was successfully destroyed.' }
      format.json { head :no_content }
    end
  end

  private
    # Use callbacks to share common setup or constraints between actions.
    def set_user
      @user = User.find(params[:id])
    end

    # Never trust parameters from the scary internet, only allow the white list through.
    def user_params
      params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :user_type_id, profile_attributes: [:user_id, :first_name, :middle_name, :last_name, :phone_number, :cell_number, :email])
    end
end

##View
<%= form_for(@user) do |f| %>
  <% if user.errors.any? %>
    <div id="error_explanation">
      <h2><%= pluralize(user.errors.count, "error") %> prohibited this user from being saved:</h2>

      <ul>
      <% user.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %>
        <li><%= message %></li>
      <% end %>
        <!--<li><%= debug f %></li>-->
      </ul>
    </div>
  <% end %>

  <div class="field">
    <%= f.label :username %>
    <%= f.text_field :username %>
  </div>

  <div class="field">
    <%= f.label :password %>
    <%= f.text_field :password %>
  </div>

  <div class="field">
    <% if params[:trainer] == "true" %>
      <%= f.label :user_type_id %>
      <%= f.text_field :user_type_id, :readonly => true, :value => '2' %>
    <% else %>
      <%= f.label :user_type_id %>
      <%= f.text_field :user_type_id, :readonly => true, :value => '1'  %>
    <% end %>
  </div>
    <h2>Account Profile</h2>
    <%= f.fields_for :profile do |profile| %>
      <%#= profile.inspect %>
        <div>
          <%= profile.label :first_name %>
          <%= profile.text_field :first_name %>
        </div>
        <div>
          <%= profile.label :middle_name %>
          <%= profile.text_field :middle_name %>
        </div>
        <div>
          <%= profile.label :last_name %>
          <%= profile.text_field :last_name %>
        </div>
        <div>
          <%= profile.label :email %>
          <%= profile.text_field :email %>
        </div>
        <div>
          <%= profile.label :phone_number %>
          <%= profile.telephone_field :phone_number %>
        </div>
        <div>
          <%= profile.label :cell_phone %>
          <%= profile.telephone_field :cell_number %>
        </div>
    <% end %>
  <div class="actions">
    <%= f.submit %>
  </div>
    <%= debug params %>
    <%= debug user %>
    <%= debug user.profile %>
<% end %>

更新 对于初学者,我发现您需要将 autosave: true 包含在关系中,例如

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_one :profile, inverse_of: :user, autosave: true
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :profile, allow_destroy: true
end

然后父记录先于子记录保存。现在出现了另一个我不确定的问题,并且在提交表单时很奇怪,您会在我粘贴在下面的控制台输出中注意到 INSERT INTO profiles 语句包括user_id 列和 1 的值。它通过了验证,看起来它从输出中正常运行,但是 user_id 列中的 profiles table 是仍然为空。我将继续挖掘,希望我的一位 rubyiests 能看到这一点,并对如何解决这个问题有一些想法。到目前为止,我喜欢 Rails 5 项改进,但如果没有有趣的小陷阱,它就不会是 ROR!再次感谢!

Started POST "/users" for 192.168.0.31 at 2017-03-12 22:28:14 -0400
Cannot render console from 192.168.0.31! Allowed networks: 127.0.0.1, ::1, 127.0.0.0/127.255.255.255
Processing by UsersController#create as HTML
  Parameters: {"utf8"=>"✓", "authenticity_token"=>"YA7kQnScvlIBy5OiT+BmOQ2bR7J00ANXId38FqNwX37Cejd+6faUyD3rMF4y0qJNKBUYGaxrRZqcLrXonL6ymA==", "user"=>{"username"=>"john", "password"=>"[FILTERED]", "user_type_id"=>"1", "profile_attributes"=>{"first_name"=>"john", "middle_name"=>"r", "last_name"=>"tung", "email"=>"thegugaru@gmail.com", "phone_number"=>"8033207677", "cell_number"=>"8033207677"}}, "commit"=>"Create User"}
   (0.1ms)  BEGIN
  SQL (0.3ms)  INSERT INTO `users` (`username`, `password`, `user_type_id`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES ('john', '0000', 1, '2017-03-13 02:28:14', '2017-03-13 02:28:14')
  SQL (0.4ms)  INSERT INTO `profiles` (`user_id`, `email`, `first_name`, `middle_name`, `last_name`, `phone_number`, `cell_number`, `created_at`, `updated_at`) VALUES (1, 'thegu@gmail.com', 'john', 'r', 'tung', '8033207677', '8033207677', '2017-03-13 02:28:14', '2017-03-13 02:28:14')
   (10.8ms)  COMMIT
Redirected to http://192.168.0.51:3000/users/1
Completed 302 Found in 24ms (ActiveRecord: 11.5ms)

好的,我正在回答我自己的问题,因为我知道很多人都在为这个问题苦苦挣扎,而我实际上已经有了答案,而不是对文档的模糊回应。

首先,我们在此示例中仅使用一对一关系。创建关系时,您需要确保 parent 模型具有以下

  1. inverse_of:
  2. 自动保存:真
  3. accepts_nested_attributes_for:模型,allow_destroy:true

这是Users模型然后我会解释,

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_one :profile, inverse_of: :user, autosave: true
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :profile, allow_destroy: true
end

in Rails 5 你需要 inverse_of: 因为这告诉 Rails 通过外键存在关系并且需要在保存你的嵌套模型时设置它表格数据。

现在,如果您离开关系线 autosave: true,您将得到 user_id not保存到配置文件 table 和其他列,除非你关闭验证然后它不会出错它只会保存它而没有 user_id .

这里发生的事情是 autosave: true 确保首先保存用户记录,以便它具有 user_id 存储在 profile 模型的嵌套属性中。

简而言之,这就是为什么 user_id 没有遍历到 child 并且它正在回滚而不是提交。

还有最后一个陷阱是有一些 posts 告诉你在你的控制器中你应该添加 @user.build_profile 这样的编辑路径我的 post 里有。不要这样做,他们大错特错了,在评估控制台输出后,它会导致

Started GET "/users/1/edit" for 192.168.0.31 at 2017-03-12 22:38:17 -0400
Cannot render console from 192.168.0.31! Allowed networks: 127.0.0.1, ::1, 127.0.0.0/127.255.255.255
Processing by UsersController#edit as HTML
  Parameters: {"id"=>"1"}
  User Load (0.4ms)  SELECT  `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`id` = 1 LIMIT 1
  Profile Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  `profiles`.* FROM `profiles` WHERE `profiles`.`user_id` = 1 LIMIT 1
   (0.1ms)  BEGIN
  SQL (0.5ms)  UPDATE `profiles` SET `user_id` = NULL, `updated_at` = '2017-03-13 02:38:17' WHERE `profiles`.`id` = 1
   (59.5ms)  COMMIT
  Rendering users/edit.html.erb within layouts/application
  Rendered users/_form.html.erb (44.8ms)
  Rendered users/edit.html.erb within layouts/application (50.2ms)
Completed 200 OK in 174ms (Views: 98.6ms | ActiveRecord: 61.1ms)

如果您看到它正在从头开始重建配置文件,并将与您正在编辑的当前用户匹配的记录的 user_id 重置为 null。

所以要非常小心,因为我看到很多 post 提出这个建议,我花了几天时间研究才找到解决方案!