为什么我不能在这里访问 .__mro__ 属性？

Question

示例来自 Raymond Hettinger's recepie

class Root(object):
    def draw(self):
        # the delegation chain stops here
        assert not hasattr(super(Root, self), 'draw')

class Shape(Root):
    def __init__(self, shapename, **kwds):
        self.shapename = shapename
        super(Shape, self).__init__(**kwds)
    def draw(self):
        print 'Drawing.  Setting shape to:', self.shapename
        super(Shape, self).draw()

class ColoredShape(Shape):
    def __init__(self, color, **kwds):
        self.color = color
        super(ColoredShape, self).__init__(**kwds)
    def draw(self):
        print 'Drawing.  Setting color to:', self.color
        super(ColoredShape, self).draw()

# ------- Show how to incorporate a non-cooperative class --------

class Moveable(object):
    # non-cooperative class that doesn't use super()
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
    def draw(self):
        print 'Drawing at position:', self.x, self.y

class MoveableAdapter(Root):
    # make a cooperative adapter class for Moveable
    def __init__(self, x, y, **kwds):
        self.moveable = Moveable(x, y)
        super(MoveableAdapter, self).__init__(**kwds)
    def draw(self):
        self.moveable.draw()
        super(MoveableAdapter, self).draw()

class MovableColoredShape(ColoredShape, MoveableAdapter):
    pass

m = MovableColoredShape(color='red', shapename='triangle', x=10, y=20)
m.draw()

print m.__mro__

我理解这段代码。我不明白的是为什么我在执行这段代码时会收到这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "study_mro.py", line 47, in <module>
    print m.__mro__
AttributeError: 'MovableColoredShape' object has no attribute '__mro__'

Answer 1

出于神秘原因，__mro__ 属性仅在 class 上可见，而不是在实例上可见。

试试这个：

>>> m.__class__.__mro__
(<class '__main__.MovableColoredShape'>, <class '__main__.ColoredShape'>, <class '__main__.Shape'>, <class '__main__.MoveableAdapter'>, <class '__main__.Root'>, <type 'object'>)