C、获取分段错误

C, Getting segmentation fault

我有一个名为 islands.txt 的文件,其内容为:

islandone
islandtwo
islandthree

这是我的代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct island{
    char *name;
    struct island *previous;
} island;

void printIsland(island is){
    printf("%s", is.name);
    if(is.previous && is.previous->name[0] != '[=11=]'){
        printf("%s", is.previous->name);
    }
}

int main(){

    // the file to be read.
    FILE *islandsFile = fopen("islands.txt","r");

    // temporary location to store the name read from the file.
    char name[40];

    // temporary pointer to an island which has been already read for linking.
    island *previousIsland;

    while(fscanf(islandsFile,"%s",name) != EOF){
        // allocate space for a new island and point to it with (*newIsland) pointer
        island *newIsland =malloc(sizeof(island));

        // assign name
        newIsland->name = name;

        // if previousIsland pointer is not null
        // it means there is an island that was read before newIsland in the file

        if(previousIsland){
            // newIsland.previous should hold the address of this previously read island..
            newIsland->previous = previousIsland;
        }
        // now previousIsland is the newIsland..
        previousIsland = newIsland;
        printIsland(*newIsland);
        puts("");
    }

    fclose(islandsFile);
}

我对输出的期望是:

islandone
islandtwoislandone
islandthreeislandtwo

相反,我得到的只是分段错误。我已经尝试了一切,但我被困住了。我在哪里得到分段错误?我是 C 的新手,我不知道如何调试。

是的,您还需要为名称分配内存。你只分配结构

typedef struct island{
    char *name;
    struct island *previous;
} island;

所以这个

// assign name
newIsland->name = name;

将指针设置为您在堆栈上的数组,但在每次循环迭代中,它将是相同的地址。

而是做类似

的事情
newIsland->name = strdup(name);

或者如果您愿意

newIsland->name = malloc( strlen( name ) + 1 );
strcpy( newIsland->name, name );

这里有几个问题。除了 Cyber​​Spock 提到的那些之外,您还有以下代码:

island *previousIsland; 

while(fscanf(islandsFile,"%s",name) != EOF){
   /* some code omitted */

   if(previousIsland){
        newIsland->previous = previousIsland;
   }

previousIsland变量未初始化,if第一次可能为真,导致previous指针指向无效内存。然后当你到达 printIsland 的末尾时,它将继续跟随未初始化的指针,到达无效内存。我还看到您没有 free() 任何内存,但这可能是因为您不关心这么小的例子。

要调试 C 程序,调试器是你的朋友。现在你不知道你使用哪个 OS 和编译器,但如果你使用 gcc,gdb 是匹配的调试器。