如何正确读取整数?

How to correctly read an integer?

我的程序测试一个数是否是 2 的幂,对正整数很有效。但是当我输入像 5.4 这样的实数时,c=getchar() 行不会等待我的输入。

int main() {
        int num;
        char c = 'y';
        printf("\n\n");
        do{ 
            printf("**********************************************\n");
            printf("Enter a positive integer to test: ");
            scanf("%d",&num);
            getchar();
            if(num<0) {
                printf("cannot accept a negative integer.\n");
            }   
            else
                is_power_of_two(num);
            printf("Do you want to try again?\nEnter 'y' if yes, else press any other key to exit: ");
            c = getchar();
            printf("**********************************************\n");
        }while(c=='y');
        return 0;
    }

输出:

Enter a positive number to test: 8
Yes it is a power of 2
Do you want to try again?
Enter 'y' if yes, else press any other key to exit: y
**********************************************
**********************************************
Enter a positive number to test: 7.6
No it is not a power of 2
Do you want to try again?
Enter 'y' if yes, else press any other key to exit: **********************************************

我试过使用 fgets 和 atoi 代替 scanf 和 getchar(),如下所示。但是 fgets 在第二次迭代期间不会等待。我尝试在每次迭代中清除 numbuff。但没有区别。 getchar() 是否也像 scanf 一样将 \n 留在缓冲区中?

这是怎么回事?有没有一种简单或正确的方法可以读取整数而不会造成很多麻烦?

int main() {
    char numbuf[10];
    int num;
    char c = 'y';
    printf("\n\n");
    do{ 
        printf("**********************************************\n");
        printf("Enter a positive number to test: ");
        fgets(numbuf, sizeof(numbuf),stdin);
        num = atoi(numbuf);
        if(num<0) {
            printf("cannot accept a negative integer.\n");
        }   
        else
            is_power_of_two(num);
        printf("Do you want to try again?\nEnter 'y' if yes, else press any other key to exit: ");
        c = getchar();
        printf("**********************************************\n");
    }while(c=='y');
    return 0;
}

输出:

**********************************************
Enter a positive number to test: 9
No it is not a power of 2
Do you want to try again?
Enter 'y' if yes, else press any other key to exit: y
**********************************************
**********************************************
Enter a positive number to test: No it is not a power of 2
Do you want to try again?
Enter 'y' if yes, else press any other key to exit:

我调试了你的代码,在里面看到一个有趣的事情:当你输入一个浮点数比如5.4时,5保存在num中,剩下4,所以当它被要求输入一个'y'或者按任意键,扫描到“4”,程序终止。 看图(我输入的是5.4)

我想如果你将 num 定义为 float 类型,你的问题就解决了。