c++ win32 控制台应用程序使用 windows api 添加 "choose file" 对话框
c++ win32 console app adding a "choose file" dialog box using windows api
我正在尝试向我的项目添加一个选择文件对话框,它现在只能接受用户输入的文件名。
我进行了一些搜索,似乎 windows API 使用 GetOpenFileName 函数对我来说是最简单的方法。但是,当我从 MSDN 或其他网站复制并粘贴示例代码时,出现了一些构建错误。
我正在使用 visual studio 2017。我使用的示例代码来自 http://www.cplusplus.com/forum/windows/169960/:
#include <iostream>
#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
#include <windows.h>
int main()
{
char filename[ MAX_PATH ];
OPENFILENAME ofn;
ZeroMemory( &filename, sizeof( filename ) );
ZeroMemory( &ofn, sizeof( ofn ) );
ofn.lStructSize = sizeof( ofn );
ofn.hwndOwner = NULL; // If you have a window to center over, put its HANDLE here
ofn.lpstrFilter = "Text Files[=13=]*.txt[=13=]Any File[=13=]*.*[=13=]";
ofn.lpstrFile = filename;
ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH;
ofn.lpstrTitle = "Select a File, yo!";
ofn.Flags = OFN_DONTADDTORECENT | OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST;
if (GetOpenFileNameA( &ofn ))
{
std::cout << "You chose the file \"" << filename << "\"\n";
}
else
{
// All this stuff below is to tell you exactly how you messed up above.
// Once you've got that fixed, you can often (not always!) reduce it to a 'user cancelled' assumption.
switch (CommDlgExtendedError())
{
case CDERR_DIALOGFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_DIALOGFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_FINDRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_FINDRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_INITIALIZATION : std::cout << "CDERR_INITIALIZATION\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOADRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOADRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOADSTRFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOADSTRFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOCKRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOCKRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_MEMALLOCFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_MEMALLOCFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_MEMLOCKFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_MEMLOCKFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOHINSTANCE : std::cout << "CDERR_NOHINSTANCE\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOHOOK : std::cout << "CDERR_NOHOOK\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOTEMPLATE : std::cout << "CDERR_NOTEMPLATE\n"; break;
case CDERR_STRUCTSIZE : std::cout << "CDERR_STRUCTSIZE\n"; break;
case FNERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL : std::cout << "FNERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL\n"; break;
case FNERR_INVALIDFILENAME : std::cout << "FNERR_INVALIDFILENAME\n"; break;
case FNERR_SUBCLASSFAILURE : std::cout << "FNERR_SUBCLASSFAILURE\n"; break;
default : std::cout << "You cancelled.\n";
}
}
}
复制粘贴到vs时,显示如下:
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error C2440 '=': cannot convert from 'char [260]' to 'LPWSTR' ConsoleApplication1 c:\users\xfan0\documents\visual studio 2017\projects\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1.cpp 18
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error C2440 '=': cannot convert from 'const char [19]' to 'LPCWSTR' ConsoleApplication1 c:\users\xfan0\documents\visual studio 2017\projects\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1.cpp 20
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error C2664 'BOOL GetOpenFileNameA(LPOPENFILENAMEA)': cannot convert argument 1 from 'OPENFILENAME *' to 'LPOPENFILENAMEA' ConsoleApplication1 c:\users\xfan0\documents\visual studio 2017\projects\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1.cpp 23
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error (active) E0167 argument of type "OPENFILENAME *" is incompatible with parameter of type "LPOPENFILENAMEA" ConsoleApplication1 c:\Users\XFAN0\Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Projects\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1.cpp 23
试图搜索但没有找到我的运气:(
Microsoft 通常提倡的方法是使用他们的 "generic text" 宏,因此您的字符串文字将如下所示:
ofn.lpstrFilter = _T("Text Files[=10=]*.txt[=10=]Any File[=10=]*.*[=10=]");
ofn.lpstrTitle = _T("Select a File, yo!");
这样,您可以为窄字符串或宽字符串构建(后者通过定义 UNICODE
和 _UNICODE
)。对于窄字符构建,_T
将不映射到任何内容,对于宽字符构建,L
将映射到任何内容,因此您会自动获得适合您构建方式的正确字符串类型。
要使用它,您需要包含 <tchar.h>
。
例如:
#include <iostream>
#include <tchar.h>
#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
#include <windows.h>
int main()
{
char filename[ MAX_PATH ];
OPENFILENAME ofn;
ZeroMemory( &filename, sizeof( filename ) );
ZeroMemory( &ofn, sizeof( ofn ) );
ofn.lStructSize = sizeof( ofn );
ofn.hwndOwner = NULL; // If you have a window to center over, put its HANDLE here
ofn.lpstrFilter = _T("Text Files[=11=]*.txt[=11=]Any File[=11=]*.*[=11=]");
ofn.lpstrFile = filename;
ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH;
ofn.lpstrTitle = _T("Select a File, yo!");
ofn.Flags = OFN_DONTADDTORECENT | OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST;
if (GetOpenFileName( &ofn ))
{
std::cout << "You chose the file \"" << filename << "\"\n";
}
else
{
// All this stuff below is to tell you exactly how you messed up above.
// Once you've got that fixed, you can often (not always!) reduce it to a 'user cancelled' assumption.
switch (CommDlgExtendedError())
{
case CDERR_DIALOGFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_DIALOGFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_FINDRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_FINDRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_INITIALIZATION : std::cout << "CDERR_INITIALIZATION\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOADRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOADRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOADSTRFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOADSTRFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOCKRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOCKRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_MEMALLOCFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_MEMALLOCFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_MEMLOCKFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_MEMLOCKFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOHINSTANCE : std::cout << "CDERR_NOHINSTANCE\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOHOOK : std::cout << "CDERR_NOHOOK\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOTEMPLATE : std::cout << "CDERR_NOTEMPLATE\n"; break;
case CDERR_STRUCTSIZE : std::cout << "CDERR_STRUCTSIZE\n"; break;
case FNERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL : std::cout << "FNERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL\n"; break;
case FNERR_INVALIDFILENAME : std::cout << "FNERR_INVALIDFILENAME\n"; break;
case FNERR_SUBCLASSFAILURE : std::cout << "FNERR_SUBCLASSFAILURE\n"; break;
default : std::cout << "You cancelled.\n";
}
}
}
要获得 "save" 文件名,只需将 GetOpenFilename
更改为 GetSaveFilename
。不过,您可能会在 OPENFILENAME 中传递的标志存在一些差异——例如,在打开文件时传递 OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST
是很常见的,但您几乎不想在打开文件时传递 OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST
正在保存文件。
我正在尝试向我的项目添加一个选择文件对话框,它现在只能接受用户输入的文件名。
我进行了一些搜索,似乎 windows API 使用 GetOpenFileName 函数对我来说是最简单的方法。但是,当我从 MSDN 或其他网站复制并粘贴示例代码时,出现了一些构建错误。
我正在使用 visual studio 2017。我使用的示例代码来自 http://www.cplusplus.com/forum/windows/169960/:
#include <iostream>
#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
#include <windows.h>
int main()
{
char filename[ MAX_PATH ];
OPENFILENAME ofn;
ZeroMemory( &filename, sizeof( filename ) );
ZeroMemory( &ofn, sizeof( ofn ) );
ofn.lStructSize = sizeof( ofn );
ofn.hwndOwner = NULL; // If you have a window to center over, put its HANDLE here
ofn.lpstrFilter = "Text Files[=13=]*.txt[=13=]Any File[=13=]*.*[=13=]";
ofn.lpstrFile = filename;
ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH;
ofn.lpstrTitle = "Select a File, yo!";
ofn.Flags = OFN_DONTADDTORECENT | OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST;
if (GetOpenFileNameA( &ofn ))
{
std::cout << "You chose the file \"" << filename << "\"\n";
}
else
{
// All this stuff below is to tell you exactly how you messed up above.
// Once you've got that fixed, you can often (not always!) reduce it to a 'user cancelled' assumption.
switch (CommDlgExtendedError())
{
case CDERR_DIALOGFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_DIALOGFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_FINDRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_FINDRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_INITIALIZATION : std::cout << "CDERR_INITIALIZATION\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOADRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOADRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOADSTRFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOADSTRFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOCKRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOCKRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_MEMALLOCFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_MEMALLOCFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_MEMLOCKFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_MEMLOCKFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOHINSTANCE : std::cout << "CDERR_NOHINSTANCE\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOHOOK : std::cout << "CDERR_NOHOOK\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOTEMPLATE : std::cout << "CDERR_NOTEMPLATE\n"; break;
case CDERR_STRUCTSIZE : std::cout << "CDERR_STRUCTSIZE\n"; break;
case FNERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL : std::cout << "FNERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL\n"; break;
case FNERR_INVALIDFILENAME : std::cout << "FNERR_INVALIDFILENAME\n"; break;
case FNERR_SUBCLASSFAILURE : std::cout << "FNERR_SUBCLASSFAILURE\n"; break;
default : std::cout << "You cancelled.\n";
}
}
}
复制粘贴到vs时,显示如下:
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error C2440 '=': cannot convert from 'char [260]' to 'LPWSTR' ConsoleApplication1 c:\users\xfan0\documents\visual studio 2017\projects\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1.cpp 18
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error C2440 '=': cannot convert from 'const char [19]' to 'LPCWSTR' ConsoleApplication1 c:\users\xfan0\documents\visual studio 2017\projects\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1.cpp 20
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error C2664 'BOOL GetOpenFileNameA(LPOPENFILENAMEA)': cannot convert argument 1 from 'OPENFILENAME *' to 'LPOPENFILENAMEA' ConsoleApplication1 c:\users\xfan0\documents\visual studio 2017\projects\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1\consoleapplication1.cpp 23
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error (active) E0167 argument of type "OPENFILENAME *" is incompatible with parameter of type "LPOPENFILENAMEA" ConsoleApplication1 c:\Users\XFAN0\Documents\Visual Studio 2017\Projects\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1.cpp 23
试图搜索但没有找到我的运气:(
Microsoft 通常提倡的方法是使用他们的 "generic text" 宏,因此您的字符串文字将如下所示:
ofn.lpstrFilter = _T("Text Files[=10=]*.txt[=10=]Any File[=10=]*.*[=10=]");
ofn.lpstrTitle = _T("Select a File, yo!");
这样,您可以为窄字符串或宽字符串构建(后者通过定义 UNICODE
和 _UNICODE
)。对于窄字符构建,_T
将不映射到任何内容,对于宽字符构建,L
将映射到任何内容,因此您会自动获得适合您构建方式的正确字符串类型。
要使用它,您需要包含 <tchar.h>
。
例如:
#include <iostream>
#include <tchar.h>
#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
#include <windows.h>
int main()
{
char filename[ MAX_PATH ];
OPENFILENAME ofn;
ZeroMemory( &filename, sizeof( filename ) );
ZeroMemory( &ofn, sizeof( ofn ) );
ofn.lStructSize = sizeof( ofn );
ofn.hwndOwner = NULL; // If you have a window to center over, put its HANDLE here
ofn.lpstrFilter = _T("Text Files[=11=]*.txt[=11=]Any File[=11=]*.*[=11=]");
ofn.lpstrFile = filename;
ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH;
ofn.lpstrTitle = _T("Select a File, yo!");
ofn.Flags = OFN_DONTADDTORECENT | OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST;
if (GetOpenFileName( &ofn ))
{
std::cout << "You chose the file \"" << filename << "\"\n";
}
else
{
// All this stuff below is to tell you exactly how you messed up above.
// Once you've got that fixed, you can often (not always!) reduce it to a 'user cancelled' assumption.
switch (CommDlgExtendedError())
{
case CDERR_DIALOGFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_DIALOGFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_FINDRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_FINDRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_INITIALIZATION : std::cout << "CDERR_INITIALIZATION\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOADRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOADRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOADSTRFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOADSTRFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_LOCKRESFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_LOCKRESFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_MEMALLOCFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_MEMALLOCFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_MEMLOCKFAILURE : std::cout << "CDERR_MEMLOCKFAILURE\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOHINSTANCE : std::cout << "CDERR_NOHINSTANCE\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOHOOK : std::cout << "CDERR_NOHOOK\n"; break;
case CDERR_NOTEMPLATE : std::cout << "CDERR_NOTEMPLATE\n"; break;
case CDERR_STRUCTSIZE : std::cout << "CDERR_STRUCTSIZE\n"; break;
case FNERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL : std::cout << "FNERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL\n"; break;
case FNERR_INVALIDFILENAME : std::cout << "FNERR_INVALIDFILENAME\n"; break;
case FNERR_SUBCLASSFAILURE : std::cout << "FNERR_SUBCLASSFAILURE\n"; break;
default : std::cout << "You cancelled.\n";
}
}
}
要获得 "save" 文件名,只需将 GetOpenFilename
更改为 GetSaveFilename
。不过,您可能会在 OPENFILENAME 中传递的标志存在一些差异——例如,在打开文件时传递 OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST
是很常见的,但您几乎不想在打开文件时传递 OFN_FILEMUSTEXIST
正在保存文件。