后台进程的信号处理

Question

我试图在 C 中实现一个简单的 Unix shell。但是，我无法使用 sigaction 实现后台进程功能。我的代码结构如下：

int main() {
struct sigaction act;
act.sa_handler = handler;

sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, 0);

while(1) {
    parseCommand();
    execCommand();
}
}

此外，在我的 execCommand 函数中，结构如下：

if (fork()) {
    if (!isBackground) {
        wait(&child_status);
    }
    else
    printf("Background process\n");
}
else
    ... // Command execution...

我的处理程序如下所示：

void handler(int s) {
while (waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0) {
}
printf("OK.\n");
}

但这种结构损害了我的整个实施。即使是前台进程也无法正常工作。当我执行前台命令时，它给出：

Segmentation fault (core dumped)

当我执行后台命令时，它给出：

Bus error (core dumped)

那么，我该如何解决这个问题呢？

提前致谢...

编辑：当我用 valgrind 调试我的代码时，它给出以下内容：

==6768== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==6768== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==6768== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==6768== Command: ./shell
==6768== 
==6768== Syscall param rt_sigaction(act->sa_mask) points to uninitialised byte(s)
==6768==    at 0x4E6F5AE: __libc_sigaction (sigaction.c:62)
==6768==    by 0x400E90: main (in /home/enes/Desktop/Shell/shell)
==6768==  Address 0xffefff908 is on thread 1's stack
==6768== 
==6768== Syscall param rt_sigaction(act->sa_flags) points to uninitialised byte(s)
==6768==    at 0x4E6F5AE: __libc_sigaction (sigaction.c:62)
==6768==    by 0x400E90: main (in /home/enes/Desktop/Shell/shell)
==6768==  Address 0xffefff8f8 is on thread 1's stack
==6768== 
> ls
==6768== Use of uninitialised value of size 8
==6768==    at 0x4EA8C80: _IO_getline_info (iogetline.c:77)
==6768==    by 0x4EA7B7C: fgets (iofgets.c:53)
==6768==    by 0x400EC9: main (in /home/enes/Desktop/Shell/shell)
==6768== 
==6768== Invalid write of size 1
==6768==    at 0x4EA8C80: _IO_getline_info (iogetline.c:77)
==6768==    by 0x4EA7B7C: fgets (iofgets.c:53)
==6768==    by 0x400EC9: main (in /home/enes/Desktop/Shell/shell)
==6768==  Address 0x0 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==6768== 
==6768== 
==6768== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV)
==6768==  Access not within mapped region at address 0x0
==6768==    at 0x4EA8C80: _IO_getline_info (iogetline.c:77)
==6768==    by 0x4EA7B7C: fgets (iofgets.c:53)
==6768==    by 0x400EC9: main (in /home/enes/Desktop/Shell/shell)
==6768==  If you believe this happened as a result of a stack
==6768==  overflow in your program's main thread (unlikely but
==6768==  possible), you can try to increase the size of the
==6768==  main thread stack using the --main-stacksize= flag.
==6768==  The main thread stack size used in this run was 8388608.
==6768== 
==6768== HEAP SUMMARY:
==6768==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==6768==   total heap usage: 2 allocs, 2 frees, 2,048 bytes allocated
==6768== 
==6768== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==6768== 
==6768== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==6768== Use --track-origins=yes to see where uninitialised values come from
==6768== ERROR SUMMARY: 4 errors from 4 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

Answer 1

Syscall param rt_sigaction(act->sa_mask) points to uninitialised byte(s)

您需要完全初始化sigaction结构，否则它包含不确定的值。阅读这些（可能通过 sigaction() 函数调用）很可能会导致 Undefined Behaviour，由此可能发生任何事情。

修复此更改

struct sigaction act;

成为

struct sigaction act = {0};

可能不是您面临的问题，但仍然是：

不保存 从信号处理程序调用 printf() 函数家族的任何成员。

甚至更多：可以从信号处理程序安全调用的函数集（非常）有限。有关完整列表，请参阅 chapter 2.4.3 on this page。

修复此更改

printf("OK.\n");

成为

write(STDERR_FILENO, "OK.\n", sizeof "OK.\n" -1);

或类似的。根据上面链接的列表，write() 保存为从信号处理程序调用。

==6768== Use of uninitialised value of size 8
==6768==    at 0x4EA8C80: _IO_getline_info (iogetline.c:77)
==6768==    by 0x4EA7B7C: fgets (iofgets.c:53)

调用 fgets() 究竟出了什么问题，我们无法判断，因为您没有向我们展示相关代码。

后台进程的信号处理

Signal handling for background processes

c

background-process

sigchld

sigaction