为什么从浏览器发送的表单和 SimpleHttpServer 捕获的请求之间存在差异

Question

我有带有“do_POST”功能的 SimleHttpServer

def do_POST(self):

    print self.path

    form = cgi.FieldStorage(
        fp=self.rfile, 
        headers=self.headers,
        environ={'REQUEST_METHOD':'POST',
                 'CONTENT_TYPE':self.headers['Content-Type'],
        })
    for key in form.keys():
        print key

现在的问题是，如果我用浏览器发送请求（HTML 这样的形式）

<form method="post" action="/">
  <input type="text" name="a" value="1"><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Send">
</form>

则值为：

self.path = /
form.keys = [a]

如果我发送与 python 请求相同的请求

parameters = {
    "a": 2,
}

headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64)",
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
    "Referer": "http://127.0.0.1:8001/",
    "Host": "127.0.0.1:8001",
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
}

r = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:8001", params=parameters, headers=headers)

服务器上的值为

self.path = /?a=2
form.keys = []

问题出在哪里？有什么不同吗？我从浏览器复制了 headers，所以一切都应该是一样的。

在此先感谢您的帮助或线索。

解决方法：

如果您运行遇到这个问题，您可以在 do_POST 中使用以下解决方法（您需要导入 cgi、urlparse）：

    if "?" in self.path:
        qs = self.path.split("?")[1]
        query_dict = dict(urlparse.parse_qsl(qs))
    else:       
        form = cgi.FieldStorage(
            fp=self.rfile, 
            headers=self.headers,
            environ={'REQUEST_METHOD':'POST',
                     'CONTENT_TYPE':self.headers['Content-Type'],
            })
        query_dict = {key: form.getvalue(key) for key in form.keys()}

但这不是问题的答案。

Answer 1

如果您想将数据作为 POST 发送（即不是 GET 查询字符串参数），您应该将其作为 data 参数传递，而不是 params:

Typically, you want to send some form-encoded data — much like an HTML form. To do this, simply pass a dictionary to the data argument. Your dictionary of data will automatically be form-encoded when the request is made

（来源：More complicated POST requests）

params -- (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the Request.

data -- (optional) Dictionary or list of tuples [(key, value)] (will be form-encoded), bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the Request.

（来源：Main Interface，强调我的）

为什么从浏览器发送的表单和 SimpleHttpServer 捕获的请求之间存在差异

Why is difference between form sent from browser and Requests when catched by SimpleHttpServer

python

http

simplehttpserver

python-requests