Go url参数映射

Go url parameters mapping

在本机 Go 中是否有用于 inplace url 参数的本机方法?

例如,如果我有一个 URL:http://localhost:8080/blob/123/test 我想将此 URL 用作 /blob/{id}/test

这不是关于查找 go 库的问题。我从基本问题开始,go 本身是否提供了一个基本的工具来本地执行此操作。

好吧,没有外部库你做不到,但我可以推荐两个优秀的库:

  1. httprouter - https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter - 速度极快且非常轻便。它比标准库的路由器更快,并且每次调用创建 0 个分配,这在 GCed 语言中非常棒。

  2. 大猩猩多路复用器 - http://www.gorillatoolkit.org/pkg/mux - 非常受欢迎,漂亮的界面,漂亮的社区。

httprouter 的用法示例:

func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, %s!\n", ps.ByName("name"))
}

func main() {
    router := httprouter.New()
    router.GET("/hello/:name", Hello)

    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}

没有内置的简单方法可以做到这一点,但是,这并不难。

我就是这样做的,没有添加特定的库。它被放置在一个函数中,以便您可以在请求处理程序中调用一个简单的 getCode() 函数。

基本上你只是把r.URL.Path分成几部分,然后分析这些部分。

// Extract a code from a URL. Return the default code if code
// is missing or code is not a valid number.
func getCode(r *http.Request, defaultCode int) (int, string) {
        p := strings.Split(r.URL.Path, "/")
        if len(p) == 1 {
                return defaultCode, p[0]
        } else if len(p) > 1 {
                code, err := strconv.Atoi(p[0])
                if err == nil {
                        return code, p[1]
                } else {
                        return defaultCode, p[1]
                }
        } else {
                return defaultCode, ""
        }
}

没有标准库就不行。为什么你不想尝试一些图书馆?我觉得用起来没那么难,去吧 bla bla bla

我用Beego。它的 MVC 风格。

如果您需要一个框架并且您认为它会因为 'bigger' 比路由器或 net/http 慢,那您就错了。

根据所有基准测试,

Iris 是迄今为止您所能找到的最快的 go web 框架

通过

安装
  go get gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6

Django 模板很容易与 iris 搭配使用:

import (
    "gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6"
    "gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/httprouter"
    "gopkg.in/kataras/iris.v6/adaptors/view" // <-----

)

func main() {

    app := iris.New()
    app.Adapt(iris.DevLogger())
    app.Adapt(httprouter.New()) // you can choose gorillamux too
    app.Adapt(view.Django("./templates", ".html")) // <-----

    // RESOURCE: http://127.0.0.1:8080/hi
    // METHOD: "GET"
    app.Get("/hi", hi)

    app.Listen(":8080")
}

func hi(ctx *iris.Context){
   ctx.Render("hi.html", iris.Map{"Name": "iris"})
}

如何编写自己的 url 生成器(稍微扩展 net/url),如下所示。

// --- This is how does it work like --- //
url, _ := rest.NewURLGen("http", "stack.over.flow", "1234").
    Pattern(foo/:foo_id/bar/:bar_id).
    ParamQuery("foo_id", "abc").
    ParamQuery("bar_id", "xyz").
    ParamQuery("page", "1").
    ParamQuery("offset", "5").
    Do()

log.Printf("url: %s", url) 
// url: http://stack.over.flow:1234/foo/abc/bar/xyz?page=1&offset=5

// --- Your own url generator would be like below --- //
package rest

import (
    "log"
    "net/url"
    "strings"

    "straas.io/base/errors"

    "github.com/jinzhu/copier"
)

// URLGen generates request URL
type URLGen struct {
    url.URL

    pattern    string
    paramPath  map[string]string
    paramQuery map[string]string
}

// NewURLGen new a URLGen
func NewURLGen(scheme, host, port string) *URLGen {
    h := host
    if port != "" {
        h += ":" + port
    }

    ug := URLGen{}
    ug.Scheme = scheme
    ug.Host = h
    ug.paramPath = make(map[string]string)
    ug.paramQuery = make(map[string]string)

    return &ug
}

// Clone return copied self
func (u *URLGen) Clone() *URLGen {
    cloned := &URLGen{}
    cloned.paramPath = make(map[string]string)
    cloned.paramQuery = make(map[string]string)

    err := copier.Copy(cloned, u)
    if err != nil {
        log.Panic(err)
    }

    return cloned
}

// Pattern sets path pattern with placeholder (format `:<holder_name>`)
func (u *URLGen) Pattern(pattern string) *URLGen {
    u.pattern = pattern
    return u
}

// ParamPath builds path part of URL
func (u *URLGen) ParamPath(key, value string) *URLGen {
    u.paramPath[key] = value
    return u
}

// ParamQuery builds query part of URL
func (u *URLGen) ParamQuery(key, value string) *URLGen {
    u.paramQuery[key] = value
    return u
}

// Do returns final URL result.
// The result URL string is possible not escaped correctly.
// This is input for `gorequest`, `gorequest` will handle URL escape.
func (u *URLGen) Do() (string, error) {
    err := u.buildPath()
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }
    u.buildQuery()

    return u.String(), nil
}

func (u *URLGen) buildPath() error {
    r := []string{}
    p := strings.Split(u.pattern, "/")

    for i := range p {
        part := p[i]
        if strings.Contains(part, ":") {
            key := strings.TrimPrefix(p[i], ":")

            if val, ok := u.paramPath[key]; ok {
                r = append(r, val)
            } else {
                if i != len(p)-1 {
                    // if placeholder at the end of pattern, it could be not provided
                    return errors.Errorf("placeholder[%s] not provided", key)
                }
            }
            continue
        }
        r = append(r, part)
    }

    u.Path = strings.Join(r, "/")
    return nil
}

func (u *URLGen) buildQuery() {
    q := u.URL.Query()
    for k, v := range u.paramQuery {
        q.Set(k, v)
    }
    u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
}

简单的效用函数怎么样?

func withURLParams(u url.URL, param, val string) url.URL{
    u.Path = strings.ReplaceAll(u.Path, param, val)
    return u
}

你可以这样使用它:

u, err := url.Parse("http://localhost:8080/blob/:id/test")
if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
u := withURLParams(u, ":id","123")

// now u.String() is http://localhost:8080/blob/123/test

尝试使用正则表达式如何,并在您的 url 中找到一个命名组,例如 playground:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/url"
    "regexp"
)

var myExp = regexp.MustCompile(`/blob/(?P<id>\d+)/test`) // use (?P<id>[a-zA-Z]+) if the id is alphapatic

func main() {

    s := "http://localhost:8080/blob/123/test"

    u, err := url.Parse(s)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(u.Path)

    match := myExp.FindStringSubmatch(s) // or match := myExp.FindStringSubmatch(u.Path)
    result := make(map[string]string)
    for i, name := range myExp.SubexpNames() {
        if i != 0 && name != "" {
            result[name] = match[i]
        }
    }
    fmt.Printf("id: %s\n", result["id"])

}

输出

/blob/123/test
id: 123

下面是与 url 一起使用的完整代码,即接收 http://localhost:8000/hello/John/58 并返回 http://localhost:8000/hello/John/58

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "regexp"
    "strconv"
)

var helloExp = regexp.MustCompile(`/hello/(?P<name>[a-zA-Z]+)/(?P<age>\d+)`)

func hello(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    match := helloExp.FindStringSubmatch(req.URL.Path)
    if len(match) > 0 {
        result := make(map[string]string)
        for i, name := range helloExp.SubexpNames() {
            if i != 0 && name != "" {
                result[name] = match[i]
            }
        }
        if _, err := strconv.Atoi(result["age"]); err == nil {
            fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %v year old named %s!", result["age"], result["name"])
        } else {
            fmt.Fprintf(w, "Sorry, not accepted age!")
        }
    } else {
        fmt.Fprintf(w, "Wrong url\n")
    }
}

func main() {

    http.HandleFunc("/hello/", hello)

    http.ListenAndServe(":8090", nil)
}