如何正确使用 "PBEWithHmacSHA512AndAES_256" 算法?

How do I properly use the "PBEWithHmacSHA512AndAES_256" algorithm?

我正在做一些 Java 加密,但无法找到正确使用 PBEWithHmacSHA512AndAES_256 算法的方法。

加密似乎工作正常,但我无法正确初始化解密密码。

下面是一个演示该问题的简短程序。 特别是,请参阅 "PROBLEM" 评论。

注意:我已经看到 this very helpful answer,我可以使用该方案使事情正常进行,但我很想知道我在这里做错了什么。

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEParameterSpec;

public final class CryptQuestion {

    private static final String ALGORITHM = "PBEWithHmacSHA512AndAES_256";
    private static final int ITERATIONS = 1000; // Aside: not sure what is a good number, here.

    public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
        final String message = "This is the secret message... BOO!";
        System.out.println("Original : " + message);
        final byte[] messageBytes = message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);

        final String password = "some password";
        final byte[] salt = "would be random".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);

        // Create the Key
        final SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        final PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray(), salt, ITERATIONS);
        SecretKey key = factory.generateSecret(keySpec);

        // Build the encryption cipher.
        final Cipher cipherEncrypt = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipherEncrypt.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);

        // Encrypt!
        final byte[] ciphertext = cipherEncrypt.doFinal(messageBytes);
        final byte[] iv = cipherEncrypt.getIV();

        // Now for decryption... The receiving end will have as input:
        // * ciphertext
        // * IV
        // * password
        // * salt

        // We just re-use 'key' from above, since it will be identical.

        final PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, ITERATIONS);
        final IvParameterSpec ivParamSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);

        // Build the decryption cipher.
        final Cipher cipherDecrypt = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        // PROBLEM: If I pass "ivParamSpec", I get "java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: Wrong parameter type: PBE expected"
        // Whereas if I pass pbeParamSpec, I get "java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: Missing parameter type: IV expected"
        // What to do?
        cipherDecrypt.init(
                Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,
                key,
                ivParamSpec
                //pbeParamSpec
                );

        final String decrypted = new String(
                cipherDecrypt.doFinal(ciphertext),
                StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
        System.out.println("Decrypted: " + decrypted);
    }
}
// PROBLEM: If I pass "ivParamSpec", I get "java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: Wrong parameter type: PBE expected"
// Whereas if I pass pbeParamSpec, I get "java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: Missing parameter type: IV expected"
// What to do?
cipherDecrypt.init(
    Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,
    key,
    ivParamSpec
    //pbeParamSpec
    );

使用加密 Cipher 中的 AlgorithmParameters:

cipherDecrypt.init(
    Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,
    key,
    cipherEncrypt.getParameters()
    );

如果你想要一种不涉及cipherEncrypt解密站点的更简洁的方法,将算法参数保存为一个字节并将它们与密钥数据一起传输:

byte[]  algorithmParametersEncoded = cipherEncrypt.getParameters().getEncoded();

并在解密站点重建它们:

AlgorithmParameters algorithmParameters = AlgorithmParameters.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
algorithmParameters.init(algorithmParametersEncoded);

并使用 algorithmParameters 作为上面 Cipher.init()parameters 参数。

我增强了 jasypt 的 StandardPBEByteEncryptor 以支持 "PBEWithHmacSHA512AndAES_256" 算法。见代码 here

在此处查看单元测试PBEEncryptorTest

致那些从google跳到这里的人。还有另一种方法可以为 java 中的 PBEwithHmacSHA512AndAES_256 密码指定 IV。 IvParameterSpec 可以像这样在构造函数中添加到 PBEParameterSpec 中:

byte[] iv = ...;
byte[] salt = ...;
int iterations = 200000;

IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
PBEParameterSpec pbeSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, iterations, ivSpec);

然后可以使用这样的pbeSpec来初始化密码:

cipher.init(
    Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,
    key,
    pbeSpec
);

无论如何,接受的答案提供了一个更简洁的解决方案——使用 cipherEncrypt.getParameters().getEncoded() 一次序列化所有密码参数。生成的字节数组一次包含 IV、salt 和迭代计数。至少对于 PBEwithHmacSHA512AndAES_256 算法

,将此数据传递到加密消息旁边是完全可以的