MySql GROUP BY 使用文件排序 - 查询优化

Question

我有一个 table 这样的：

CREATE TABLE `purchase` (
  `fact_purchase_id` binary(16) NOT NULL,
  `purchase_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `purchase_id_primary` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
  `person_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `person_id_owner` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `service_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `fact_count` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `fact_type` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `date_fact` date NOT NULL,
  `purchase_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `activation_price` decimal(7,2) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
  `activation_price_total` decimal(7,2) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
  `renew_price` decimal(7,2) unsigned DEFAULT '0.00',
  `renew_price_total` decimal(7,2) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
  `activation_cost` decimal(7,2) unsigned DEFAULT '0.00',
  `activation_cost_total` decimal(7,2) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
  `renew_cost` decimal(7,2) unsigned DEFAULT '0.00',
  `renew_cost_total` decimal(7,2) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
  `date_created` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`fact_purchase_id`),
  KEY `purchase_id_idx` (`purchase_id`),
  KEY `person_id_idx` (`person_id`),
  KEY `person_id_owner_idx` (`person_id_owner`),
  KEY `service_id_idx` (`service_id`),
  KEY `fact_type_idx` (`fact_type`),
  KEY `renew_price_idx` (`renew_price`),
  KEY `renew_cost_idx` (`renew_cost`),
  KEY `renew_price_year_idx` (`renew_price_year`),
  KEY `renew_cost_year_idx` (`renew_cost_year`),
  KEY `date_created_idx` (`date_created`),
  KEY `purchase_id_primary_idx` (`purchase_id_primary`),
  KEY `fact_count` (`fact_count`),
  KEY `renew_price_year_total_idx` (`renew_price_total`),
  KEY `renew_cost_year_total_idx` (`renew_cost_total`),
  KEY `date_fact` (`date_fact`) USING BTREE,
  CONSTRAINT `purchase_person_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`person_id`) REFERENCES `person` (`person_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `purchase_person_owner_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`person_id_owner`) REFERENCES `person` (`person_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `purchase_service_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`service_id`) REFERENCES `service` (`service_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

我正在启动此查询：

SELECT 
    purchase.date_fact,
    UNIX_TIMESTAMP(purchase.date_fact),
    COUNT(DISTINCT purchase.purchase_id) AS Num
FROM
    purchase
WHERE
    purchase.date_fact >= '2017-01-01'
    AND purchase.date_fact <= '2017-01-31'
    AND purchase.fact_type = 3
    AND purchase.purchase_id_primary IS NULL
GROUP BY purchase.date_fact

table 总共包含 5.629.670 条记录和运行一个 EXPLAIN 在查询中我得到这些结果：

rows = 2.814.835
possible_keys = fact_type_idx,purchase_id_primary_idx,date_fact
key = fact_type_idx
key_len = 1
ref = const
filtered = 25.00
Extra = Using index condition;Using where;Using filesort

执行查询需要 30-35 秒。等的太久了。

问题是 GROUP BY 导致应用文件排序。 对查询应用 ORDER BY NULL 不会改变任何东西。

我可以使用覆盖索引，但我只需要在此查询中使用 date_fact：我可以使用哪些字段？

如何避免在 GROUP BY 上进行文件排序？如何优化查询以使其更快？

我将此 table 用于统计目的 (OLAP)。也许有更好的 DBMS 用于此目的？

我是运行 MySql 服务器 5.7.17.

谢谢

Answer 1

对于此查询：

SELECT p.date_fact, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(p.date_fact),
       COUNT(DISTINCT p.purchase_id) AS Num
FROM purchase p
WHERE p.date_fact >= '2017-01-01' AND
      p.date_fact <= '2017-01-31' AND
      p.fact_type = 3 AND
      p.purchase_id_primary IS NULL
GROUP BY p.date_fact;

我建议在 (fact_type, purchase_id_primary, date_fact, purchase_id) 上使用复合索引。前两个键在 WHERE 中具有相等条件。第三个有不等式，第四个允许索引 "cover" 查询（查询中的所有列都在索引中）。

我还要补充一点：如果你不需要COUNT(DISTINCT)，那就不要使用它。 purchase_id 在 purchase 中可能已经是唯一的。

MySql GROUP BY 使用文件排序 - 查询优化

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