LD_PRELOAD 具有可能的静态共享库函数

LD_PRELOAD with possible static shared library functions

我的objective是hook linux上dlopen使用的open函数。出于某种原因,这段代码没有挂钩 dlopen->open,但它确实挂钩了我的 open main.c->open 版本。 dlopen 是否没有以某种方式使用我的符号?

编译过程如下:

  1. gcc main.c -ldl -ggdb
  2. gcc fake-open.c -o libexample.so -fPIC -shared
  3. export LD_PRELOAD="$PWD/libexample.so"

当我运行程序时,一切正常。确保设置 LD_PRELOAD 变量..等等

问题来了,当我尝试挂钩直接或间接调用 dlopen 的 open 函数时,不知何故这个 "version" 的 open 不是 resolved/redirected/hooked 我的版本。

[main.c]
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main()
{
    puts("calling open");
    int fd = open("/tmp/test.so", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);

    puts("calling dlopen");
    int *handle = dlopen("/tmp/test.so", RTLD_LAZY);
}


[fake-open.c]
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
//#include <fcntl.h>

int open(const char *pathname, int flags)
{
    puts("from hooked..");

    return 1;
}

控制台输出:

呼唤开放

从迷上..

正在调用 dlopen


我知道 dlopen 由于 strace 而以某种方式调用 open。

write(1, "calling open\n", 13calling open
)          = 13
write(1, "from hooked..\n", 14from hooked..
)         = 14
write(1, "calling dlopen\n", 15calling dlopen
)        = 15
brk(0)                                  = 0x804b000
brk(0x806c000)                          = 0x806c000
open("/tmp/test.so", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "7ELF[=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=][=12=]`504[=12=][=12=][=12=]"..., 512) = 512

但是,由于某些原因,当 dlopen 调用 open 时,它并没有使用我的 open 版本。这必须是某种 运行 时间符号解析问题的链接,或者也许 dlopen 使用的是 open 的静态版本并且不需要在 运行 或加载时解析任何符号?

首先,与@usr 的回答相反,dlopen open 库。

我们可以通过 运行在 GDB 下进行一个简单的测试来证实这一点:

// main.c
#include <dlfcn.h>
int main()
{
   void *h = dlopen("./foo.so", RTLD_LAZY);
   return 0;
}

// foo.c; compile with "gcc -fPIC -shared -o foo.so foo.c"
int foo() { return 0; }

让我们编译并运行这个:

gdb -q ./a.out
(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x400605: file main.c, line 4.
Starting program: /tmp/a.out

Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at main.c:4
4          void *h = dlopen("./foo.so", RTLD_LAZY);
(gdb) catch syscall open
Catchpoint 2 (syscall 'open' [2])
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Catchpoint 2 (call to syscall open), 0x00007ffff7df3497 in open64 () at ../sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S:81
81  ../sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S: No such file or directory.
(gdb) bt
#0  0x00007ffff7df3497 in open64 () at ../sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S:81
#1  0x00007ffff7ddf5bd in open_verify (name=0x602010 "./foo.so", fbp=0x7fffffffd568, loader=<optimized out>, whatcode=<optimized out>, found_other_class=0x7fffffffd550, free_name=<optimized out>) at dl-load.c:1930
#2  0x00007ffff7de2d6f in _dl_map_object (loader=loader@entry=0x7ffff7ffe1c8, name=name@entry=0x4006a4 "./foo.so", type=type@entry=2, trace_mode=trace_mode@entry=0, mode=mode@entry=-1879048191, nsid=0) at dl-load.c:2543
#3  0x00007ffff7deea14 in dl_open_worker (a=a@entry=0x7fffffffdae8) at dl-open.c:235
#4  0x00007ffff7de9fc4 in _dl_catch_error (objname=objname@entry=0x7fffffffdad8, errstring=errstring@entry=0x7fffffffdae0, mallocedp=mallocedp@entry=0x7fffffffdad0, operate=operate@entry=0x7ffff7dee960 <dl_open_worker>, args=args@entry=0x7fffffffdae8) at dl-error.c:187
#5  0x00007ffff7dee37b in _dl_open (file=0x4006a4 "./foo.so", mode=-2147483647, caller_dlopen=<optimized out>, nsid=-2, argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffde28, env=0x7fffffffde38) at dl-open.c:661
#6  0x00007ffff7bd702b in dlopen_doit (a=a@entry=0x7fffffffdd00) at dlopen.c:66
#7  0x00007ffff7de9fc4 in _dl_catch_error (objname=0x7ffff7dd9110 <last_result+16>, errstring=0x7ffff7dd9118 <last_result+24>, mallocedp=0x7ffff7dd9108 <last_result+8>, operate=0x7ffff7bd6fd0 <dlopen_doit>, args=0x7fffffffdd00) at dl-error.c:187
#8  0x00007ffff7bd762d in _dlerror_run (operate=operate@entry=0x7ffff7bd6fd0 <dlopen_doit>, args=args@entry=0x7fffffffdd00) at dlerror.c:163
#9  0x00007ffff7bd70c1 in __dlopen (file=<optimized out>, mode=<optimized out>) at dlopen.c:87
#10 0x0000000000400614 in main () at main.c:4

这告诉您在 64 位系统上,dlopen 调用 open64 而不是 open,因此您的插入器将无法工作(您需要插入 open64 代替)。

但是你在 32 位系统上(由 strace 打印的 0x806c000 等地址证明),堆栈跟踪如下所示:

#0  0xf7ff3774 in open () at ../sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S:81
#1  0xf7fe1211 in open_verify (name=0x804b008 "./foo.so", fbp=fbp@entry=0xffffc93c, loader=0xf7ffd938, whatcode=whatcode@entry=0, found_other_class=found_other_class@entry=0xffffc933, free_name=free_name@entry=true) at dl-load.c:1930
#2  0xf7fe4114 in _dl_map_object (loader=loader@entry=0xf7ffd938, name=name@entry=0x8048590 "./foo.so", type=type@entry=2, trace_mode=trace_mode@entry=0, mode=mode@entry=-1879048191, nsid=0) at dl-load.c:2543
#3  0xf7feec14 in dl_open_worker (a=0xffffccdc) at dl-open.c:235
#4  0xf7feac06 in _dl_catch_error (objname=objname@entry=0xffffccd4, errstring=errstring@entry=0xffffccd8, mallocedp=mallocedp@entry=0xffffccd3, operate=operate@entry=0xf7feeb50 <dl_open_worker>, args=args@entry=0xffffccdc) at dl-error.c:187
#5  0xf7fee644 in _dl_open (file=0x8048590 "./foo.so", mode=-2147483647, caller_dlopen=0x80484ea <main+29>, nsid=<optimized out>, argc=1, argv=0xffffcf74, env=0xffffcf7c) at dl-open.c:661
#6  0xf7fafcbc in dlopen_doit (a=0xffffce90) at dlopen.c:66
#7  0xf7feac06 in _dl_catch_error (objname=0xf7fb3070 <last_result+12>, errstring=0xf7fb3074 <last_result+16>, mallocedp=0xf7fb306c <last_result+8>, operate=0xf7fafc30 <dlopen_doit>, args=0xffffce90) at dl-error.c:187
#8  0xf7fb037c in _dlerror_run (operate=operate@entry=0xf7fafc30 <dlopen_doit>, args=args@entry=0xffffce90) at dlerror.c:163
#9  0xf7fafd71 in __dlopen (file=0x8048590 "./foo.so", mode=1) at dlopen.c:87
#10 0x080484ea in main () at main.c:4

那么为什么 open_verifyopen 的调用没有重定向到您的 open 插入器?

首先我们来看第1帧的实际调用指令:

(gdb) fr 1
#1  0xf7fe1211 in open_verify (name=0x804b008 "./foo.so", fbp=fbp@entry=0xffffc93c, loader=0xf7ffd938, whatcode=whatcode@entry=0, found_other_class=found_other_class@entry=0xffffc933, free_name=free_name@entry=true) at dl-load.c:1930
1930    dl-load.c: No such file or directory.
(gdb) x/i $pc-5
   0xf7fe120c <open_verify+60>: call   0xf7ff3760 <open>

将此与第 10 帧中的调用指令进行比较:

(gdb) fr 10
#10 0x080484ea in main () at main.c:4
4          void *h = dlopen("./foo.so", RTLD_LAZY);
(gdb) x/i $pc-5
   0x80484e5 <main+24>: call   0x80483c0 <dlopen@plt>

注意到有什么不同吗?

没错:来自 main 的调用通过过程链接 table (PLT),动态加载器 (ld-linux.so.2) 解析为 适当定义。

但是第 1 帧中对 open 的调用没有通过 PLT(因此不可插入)。

这是为什么?因为该调用必须在 之前 起作用,所以 open 有任何其他可用的定义 - 它用于 libc.so.6 (通常提供 open 的定义)是 本身 正在加载(由动态加载程序)。

出于这个原因,动态加载器必须是完全独立的(实际上包含一个静态链接的 libc 子集副本)。

My objective is to hook the open function that dlopen on linux uses.

由于上述原因,objective 无法通过 LD_PRELOAD 实现。您需要使用其他一些挂钩机制,例如在 运行 时修补加载程序 executable 代码。