将逗号分隔的字符串转换为 Python 中的 Numpy 数组 3
Converting Comma-Separated String to Numpy Array In Python 3
我正在使用 Python 在 Python 3 中使用 PySerial 从 Arduino 传感器读取数据。
我想使用 PyQtGraph 绘制数据，因此我尝试将从传感器读取的字符串（288 个逗号分隔值）转换为 Numpy 数组。但是，我尝试了几种不同的方法，但都没有成功。
使用此代码从传感器读取效果很好：
#Read the line of data from the sensor
line = sensor.readline()
#Decode the line to UTF-8 and print it
lineDecoded = line.decode("UTF-8")
print(lineDecoded)
这给了我正确的输出（288 个逗号分隔值）：
137,136,151,145,141,133,145,139,140,145,144,139,143,141,139,136,137,138,137,127,142,135,136,137,134,140,127,141,134,128,139,135,136,180,149,147,147,151,156,140,153,143,143,155,163,164,192,250,277,282,275,258,258,248,245,231,215,225,195,195,159,186,175,168,171,173,177,185,213,224,228,231,227,219,261,229,231,231,250,253,262,276,269,274,274,277,276,272,291,303,351,417,483,500,473,399,315,263,255,239,238,244,234,231,231,242,255,272,294,293,299,314,307,306,302,310,319,304,312,327,370,464,507,514,492,425,358,327,313,299,292,291,281,259,245,232,229,224,223,222,216,226,215,211,197,202,199,197,198,193,198,185,190,196,177,198,188,183,201,193,187,159,189,184,186,185,186,185,184,196,195,200,201,198,193,241,189,186,167,179,187,174,188,180,179,169,177,173,172,175,181,175,171,180,175,176,180,184,176,190,182,172,171,179,178,174,188,175,178,167,183,171,168,174,175,171,230,175,177,159,177,170,172,171,173,168,167,169,172,168,171,177,173,167,167,171,163,170,177,172,169,167,163,157,173,161,168,174,162,165,171,165,162,152,165,173,158,193,161,161,147,159,161,159,169,173,168,158,161,159,158,171,167,167,155,159,169,156,159,162,157,165,161,158,147,161,171,159,
从那里开始，我认为我可以将 lineDecoded 传递给 PyQtGraph 的 plot 函数，但是在 运行 这行代码之后
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288]
y = [lineDecoded]
#Plot the data
pg.plot(x, y)
我收到错误 Exception: X and Y arrays must be the same shape--got (288,) and (1,).
我尝试在将字符串传递给 PyQtGraph 之前使用 np.fromstring(lineDecoded) 和 np.array(list(lineDecoded)).ravel() 等各种方法转换字符串，但是我尝试过的方法中的 none 有效。
关于如何实现这一点有什么想法吗？
编辑： 我已经查看了答案，其中 none 似乎有效，每个回复的评论中都有详细信息。任何提示都会很棒。
lineDecoded = [137,136,151,145,141,133,145,139,140,145,144,139,143,141,139,136,137,138,137,127,142,135,136,137,134,140,127,141,134,128,139,135,136,180,149,147,147,151,156,140,153,143,143,155,163,164,192,250,277,282,275,258,258,248,245,231,215,225,195,195,159,186,175,168,171,173,177,185,213,224,228,231,227,219,261,229,231,231,250,253,262,276,269,274,274,277,276,272,291,303,351,417,483,500,473,399,315,263,255,239,238,244,234,231,231,242,255,272,294,293,299,314,307,306,302,310,319,304,312,327,370,464,507,514,492,425,358,327,313,299,292,291,281,259,245,232,229,224,223,222,216,226,215,211,197,202,199,197,198,193,198,185,190,196,177,198,188,183,201,193,187,159,189,184,186,185,186,185,184,196,195,200,201,198,193,241,189,186,167,179,187,174,188,180,179,169,177,173,172,175,181,175,171,180,175,176,180,184,176,190,182,172,171,179,178,174,188,175,178,167,183,171,168,174,175,171,230,175,177,159,177,170,172,171,173,168,167,169,172,168,171,177,173,167,167,171,163,170,177,172,169,167,163,157,173,161,168,174,162,165,171,165,162,152,165,173,158,193,161,161,147,159,161,159,169,173,168,158,161,159,158,171,167,167,155,159,169,156,159,162,157,165,161,158,147,161,171,159]
x = range(1,289)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(x, lineDecoded)
line.decode() returns 一个字符串 (str)，而不是 list。所以你得到的是一个实体，而不是 288 个值。
Python 有一个与字符串关联的方法，该方法将获取一个字符串并将其拆分为多个组成部分。调用 .split() 方法并为其提供要拆分的子字符串，在这种情况下，一个 ',' 应该可以解决问题。
#Read the line of data from the sensor
line = sensor.readline()
#Decode the line to UTF-8 and print it
lineDecoded = line.decode("UTF-8")
values = [int(i) for i in lineDecoded.split(',')] # <<< this should work
# added a list
# comprehension to
# convert values to integers
x = range(1,289) # <<< this is preferred if you need
# a range of numbers from 1 to 288
y = values
#Plot the data
pg.plot(x, y)
注意：正如@umutto 在上面的评论中提到的那样，出于绘图目的，不需要将值转换为 numpy 数组。一个列表应该就可以了。
但是，如果由于某种原因你发现你 want/need 一个数组：
y = np.array(values)
使用 str.split method for converting the line to a list of strings. Also as @Alien suggests, you should use the range 函数获取 x，而不是手动枚举所有值。
y = [int(i) for i in lineDecoded.split(',')]
x = range(1,289)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
plt.plot(x, lineDecoded)
fig.show()
用 copy/paste 你的字符串：
In [341]: astring="""137,136,151,145,141,133,145,139,140,145,144,139,143,141,139
...: ,136,137,138,137,127,142,135,136,137,134,140,127,141,134,128,139,135,1
...: 36,180,149,147,147,151,156,140,153,143,143,155,163,164,192,250,277,282
...: ...
,147,159,161,159,169,173,168,158,161,159,158,171,167,167,155,159,169,1
...: 56,159,162,157,165,161,158,147,161,171,159"""
split(',') 生成一个字符串列表。如果我将它包装在 np.array 中，我会得到一个字符串数组：
In [342]: np.array(astring.split(','))
Out[342]:
array(['137', '136', '151', '145', '141', '133', '145', '139', '140',
...
'162', '157', '165', '161', '158', '147', '161', '171', '159'],
dtype='<U3')
我需要告诉它把字符串转换成整数：
In [343]: np.array(astring.split(','),int)
Out[343]:
array([137, 136, 151, 145, 141, 133, 145, 139, 140, 145, 144, 139, 143,
141, 139, 136, 137, 138, 137, 127, 142, 135, 136, 137, 134, 140,
...., 165, 161, 158, 147, 161,
171, 159])
In [344]: _.shape
Out[344]: (288,)
第一次尝试时，字符串以逗号结尾："8,147,161,171,159,"。然后拆分包含一个空字符串，np.array 无法将其转换为整数。我把它编辑掉了。我也可以通过索引从字符串列表中删除它，[:-1].
如果可以将字符串列表（拆分后）传递给绘图函数，那是因为该函数执行了相同类型的 np.array(..., int)（或浮点数）转换。
[int(i) for i in astring.split(',')]
可用于创建整数列表。
我正在使用 Python 在 Python 3 中使用 PySerial 从 Arduino 传感器读取数据。
我想使用 PyQtGraph 绘制数据，因此我尝试将从传感器读取的字符串（288 个逗号分隔值）转换为 Numpy 数组。但是，我尝试了几种不同的方法，但都没有成功。
使用此代码从传感器读取效果很好：
#Read the line of data from the sensor
line = sensor.readline()
#Decode the line to UTF-8 and print it
lineDecoded = line.decode("UTF-8")
print(lineDecoded)
这给了我正确的输出（288 个逗号分隔值）：
137,136,151,145,141,133,145,139,140,145,144,139,143,141,139,136,137,138,137,127,142,135,136,137,134,140,127,141,134,128,139,135,136,180,149,147,147,151,156,140,153,143,143,155,163,164,192,250,277,282,275,258,258,248,245,231,215,225,195,195,159,186,175,168,171,173,177,185,213,224,228,231,227,219,261,229,231,231,250,253,262,276,269,274,274,277,276,272,291,303,351,417,483,500,473,399,315,263,255,239,238,244,234,231,231,242,255,272,294,293,299,314,307,306,302,310,319,304,312,327,370,464,507,514,492,425,358,327,313,299,292,291,281,259,245,232,229,224,223,222,216,226,215,211,197,202,199,197,198,193,198,185,190,196,177,198,188,183,201,193,187,159,189,184,186,185,186,185,184,196,195,200,201,198,193,241,189,186,167,179,187,174,188,180,179,169,177,173,172,175,181,175,171,180,175,176,180,184,176,190,182,172,171,179,178,174,188,175,178,167,183,171,168,174,175,171,230,175,177,159,177,170,172,171,173,168,167,169,172,168,171,177,173,167,167,171,163,170,177,172,169,167,163,157,173,161,168,174,162,165,171,165,162,152,165,173,158,193,161,161,147,159,161,159,169,173,168,158,161,159,158,171,167,167,155,159,169,156,159,162,157,165,161,158,147,161,171,159,
从那里开始，我认为我可以将 lineDecoded 传递给 PyQtGraph 的 plot 函数，但是在 运行 这行代码之后
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288]
y = [lineDecoded]
#Plot the data
pg.plot(x, y)
我收到错误 Exception: X and Y arrays must be the same shape--got (288,) and (1,).
我尝试在将字符串传递给 PyQtGraph 之前使用 np.fromstring(lineDecoded) 和 np.array(list(lineDecoded)).ravel() 等各种方法转换字符串，但是我尝试过的方法中的 none 有效。
关于如何实现这一点有什么想法吗？
编辑： 我已经查看了答案，其中 none 似乎有效，每个回复的评论中都有详细信息。任何提示都会很棒。
lineDecoded = [137,136,151,145,141,133,145,139,140,145,144,139,143,141,139,136,137,138,137,127,142,135,136,137,134,140,127,141,134,128,139,135,136,180,149,147,147,151,156,140,153,143,143,155,163,164,192,250,277,282,275,258,258,248,245,231,215,225,195,195,159,186,175,168,171,173,177,185,213,224,228,231,227,219,261,229,231,231,250,253,262,276,269,274,274,277,276,272,291,303,351,417,483,500,473,399,315,263,255,239,238,244,234,231,231,242,255,272,294,293,299,314,307,306,302,310,319,304,312,327,370,464,507,514,492,425,358,327,313,299,292,291,281,259,245,232,229,224,223,222,216,226,215,211,197,202,199,197,198,193,198,185,190,196,177,198,188,183,201,193,187,159,189,184,186,185,186,185,184,196,195,200,201,198,193,241,189,186,167,179,187,174,188,180,179,169,177,173,172,175,181,175,171,180,175,176,180,184,176,190,182,172,171,179,178,174,188,175,178,167,183,171,168,174,175,171,230,175,177,159,177,170,172,171,173,168,167,169,172,168,171,177,173,167,167,171,163,170,177,172,169,167,163,157,173,161,168,174,162,165,171,165,162,152,165,173,158,193,161,161,147,159,161,159,169,173,168,158,161,159,158,171,167,167,155,159,169,156,159,162,157,165,161,158,147,161,171,159]
x = range(1,289)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(x, lineDecoded)
line.decode() returns 一个字符串 (str)，而不是 list。所以你得到的是一个实体，而不是 288 个值。
Python 有一个与字符串关联的方法，该方法将获取一个字符串并将其拆分为多个组成部分。调用 .split() 方法并为其提供要拆分的子字符串，在这种情况下，一个 ',' 应该可以解决问题。
#Read the line of data from the sensor
line = sensor.readline()
#Decode the line to UTF-8 and print it
lineDecoded = line.decode("UTF-8")
values = [int(i) for i in lineDecoded.split(',')] # <<< this should work
# added a list
# comprehension to
# convert values to integers
x = range(1,289) # <<< this is preferred if you need
# a range of numbers from 1 to 288
y = values
#Plot the data
pg.plot(x, y)
注意：正如@umutto 在上面的评论中提到的那样，出于绘图目的，不需要将值转换为 numpy 数组。一个列表应该就可以了。
但是，如果由于某种原因你发现你 want/need 一个数组：
y = np.array(values)
使用 str.split method for converting the line to a list of strings. Also as @Alien suggests, you should use the range 函数获取 x，而不是手动枚举所有值。
y = [int(i) for i in lineDecoded.split(',')]
x = range(1,289)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
plt.plot(x, lineDecoded)
fig.show()
用 copy/paste 你的字符串：
In [341]: astring="""137,136,151,145,141,133,145,139,140,145,144,139,143,141,139
...: ,136,137,138,137,127,142,135,136,137,134,140,127,141,134,128,139,135,1
...: 36,180,149,147,147,151,156,140,153,143,143,155,163,164,192,250,277,282
...: ...
,147,159,161,159,169,173,168,158,161,159,158,171,167,167,155,159,169,1
...: 56,159,162,157,165,161,158,147,161,171,159"""
split(',') 生成一个字符串列表。如果我将它包装在 np.array 中，我会得到一个字符串数组：
In [342]: np.array(astring.split(','))
Out[342]:
array(['137', '136', '151', '145', '141', '133', '145', '139', '140',
...
'162', '157', '165', '161', '158', '147', '161', '171', '159'],
dtype='<U3')
我需要告诉它把字符串转换成整数：
In [343]: np.array(astring.split(','),int)
Out[343]:
array([137, 136, 151, 145, 141, 133, 145, 139, 140, 145, 144, 139, 143,
141, 139, 136, 137, 138, 137, 127, 142, 135, 136, 137, 134, 140,
...., 165, 161, 158, 147, 161,
171, 159])
In [344]: _.shape
Out[344]: (288,)
第一次尝试时，字符串以逗号结尾："8,147,161,171,159,"。然后拆分包含一个空字符串，np.array 无法将其转换为整数。我把它编辑掉了。我也可以通过索引从字符串列表中删除它，[:-1].
如果可以将字符串列表（拆分后）传递给绘图函数，那是因为该函数执行了相同类型的 np.array(..., int)（或浮点数）转换。
[int(i) for i in astring.split(',')]
可用于创建整数列表。