如何在 DRF ViewSet 中完全不允许 PUT 方法但允许 PATCH?

How to Not allow the PUT method at all but allow PATCH in a DRF ViewSet?

PUTPATCH 都是同一个 mixin 的一部分(UpdateModelMixin)。

所以如果我这样扩展它:

class UserViewSet(mixins.UpdateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

PUTPATCH 都可以。我不想让 PUT 用于我的应用程序(因为 PATCH 已经完成了工作,我想限制仅使用 POST 的对象创建)。一种方法是创建权限:

class NoPut(permissions.BasePermission):
    """
    PUT not allowed.
    """
    message = 'You do not have permission to complete the action you are trying to perform.'

    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        if view.action == "update":
            return False
        return True

并将此权限授予我所有允许 PATCH 的 ViewSet。这是最好的方法吗?有没有更好的方式?

编辑:在查看@wim 提供的答案后,这是否是一个很好的解决方案(除了 put 的映射被删除之外,一切都保持不变):

from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
class NoPutRouter(SimpleRouter):

    routes = [
        # List route.
        Route(
            url=r'^{prefix}{trailing_slash}$',
            mapping={
                'get': 'list',
                'post': 'create'
            },
            name='{basename}-list',
            initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}
        ),
        # Dynamically generated list routes.
        # Generated using @list_route decorator
        # on methods of the viewset.
        DynamicListRoute(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{methodname}{trailing_slash}$',
            name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
            initkwargs={}
        ),
        # Detail route.
        Route(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}{trailing_slash}$',
            mapping={
                'get': 'retrieve',
                 # put removed
                'patch': 'partial_update',
                'delete': 'destroy'
            },
            name='{basename}-detail',
            initkwargs={'suffix': 'Instance'}
        ),
        # Dynamically generated detail routes.
        # Generated using @detail_route decorator on methods of the viewset.
        DynamicDetailRoute(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}{trailing_slash}$',
            name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
            initkwargs={}
        ),
    ]

或者我是否需要重新定义 SimpleRoute 中的其他方法(例如 __init()__get_routes()_get_dynamic_routes()get_method_map() 等)以便它能正常工作吗?

我认为更好的解决方案是使用自定义 router 并禁用 PUT 路由。然后将您的自定义路由器用于视图集。

class SimpleRouter(BaseRouter):
    routes = [
        # List route.
        Route(
            url=r'^{prefix}{trailing_slash}$',
            mapping={
                'get': 'list',
                'post': 'create'
            },
            name='{basename}-list',
            initkwargs={'suffix': 'List'}
        ),
        # Dynamically generated list routes.
        # Generated using @list_route decorator
        # on methods of the viewset.
        DynamicListRoute(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{methodname}{trailing_slash}$',
            name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
            initkwargs={}
        ),
        # Detail route.
        Route(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}{trailing_slash}$',
            mapping={
                'get': 'retrieve',
                'put': 'update',
                'patch': 'partial_update',
                'delete': 'destroy'
            },
            name='{basename}-detail',
            initkwargs={'suffix': 'Instance'}
        ),
        # Dynamically generated detail routes.
        # Generated using @detail_route decorator on methods of the viewset.
        DynamicDetailRoute(
            url=r'^{prefix}/{lookup}/{methodname}{trailing_slash}$',
            name='{basename}-{methodnamehyphen}',
            initkwargs={}
        ),
    ]

^ 路由器实现看起来像那样。因此,您只需要继承 SimpleRouter,或者 DefaultRouter,并根据需要定义 routes class 属性。您可以完全删除 Route(mapping={...}) 中 'put' 的映射,或者您可以定义自己的操作来处理它和 return 适当的 400 多岁的反应。

而不是使用 mixins.UpdateModelMixin 只需定义您自己的仅执行补丁的 mixin:

class UpdateModelMixin(object):
    """
    Update a model instance.
    """
    def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        partial = True
        instance = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance, data=request.data, partial=partial)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        self.perform_update(serializer)

        if getattr(instance, '_prefetched_objects_cache', None):
            # If 'prefetch_related' has been applied to a queryset, we need to
            # forcibly invalidate the prefetch cache on the instance.
            instance._prefetched_objects_cache = {}

        return Response(serializer.data)

    def perform_update(self, serializer):
        serializer.save()

类似于但使用标准混合:

from rest_framework.exceptions import MethodNotAllowed

class UpdateModelMixin(mixins.UpdateModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    """
    update:
        Update Model
    """

    def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
        raise MethodNotAllowed("POST", detail="Use PATCH")

    def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Override Partial Update Code if desired
        return super().update(*args, **kwargs, partial=True)

如果您想使用内置 mixins.UpdateModelMixin,限制为 PATCH 并禁止 swagger 显示 PUT,您可以使用 http_method_names

class UserViewSet(mixins.UpdateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    http_method_names = ["patch"]

这是我正在使用的解决方案:

class SomeViewSet(
    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
    ...
):
    @swagger_auto_schema(auto_schema=None)
    def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """Disabled full update functionality"""
        partial = kwargs.get('partial', False)  # This must be .get() not .pop()
        if not partial:
            raise exceptions.MethodNotAllowed(request.method)

        return super(SomeViewSet, self).update(request, *args, **kwargs)

这也会在 drf-yasg UI 中禁用它。

类似于@EbramShehata 的解决方案,但适用于 drf-spectacular (OpenAPI 3)。这将禁止完全更新 (PUT),并将其从生成的 OpenAPI 3 架构中排除。

class SomeViewSet(
    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
    ...
):
    @extend_schema(exclude=True)
    def update(self, request: Request, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
        """Disallow full update (PUT) and allow partial update (PATCH)."""
        if kwargs.get("partial", False):  # Use .get() instead of .pop()
            return super().update(request, args, kwargs)

        raise MethodNotAllowed(request.method)

一个简单直接的方法:

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'patch'] # <---------

像这样 PUT 方法将不被允许。