如何使用 selenium java 和（TestNG 框架）设置 POM 结构

Question

我是 QA 自动化的新手，我在 java 方面的知识一般所以我决定使用 (Selenium+Java) 来做自动化。我会将我所做的代码附加到 automation.and 脚本运行顺利。但是我做的结构不正确，因为我想遵循 (POM-Selenium).POM-Page 导向模型

此脚本导航如下

登录（页面）-->个人（Drop/down选择）--->添加编辑（（Drop/down选择））-->个人（页面）-->添加（按钮） -->个人资料(页)

测试场景是……

用户应该 "login" 到系统，并且必须单击导航选项卡中的 "personal" 下拉菜单然后会有 "AddEdit" 下拉 downselection.then 用户定向到标题为 "personal" 的页面，用户应单击该页面上的 "Add" 按钮以定向到另一个名为 "personal Details" 的页面用户可以添加页面提供的相关字段添加一个新的客户端。

请帮我把它安排到 POM Structure.because 我很难想象 goes.what 让我感到沮丧的是为了让用户添加相关记录 he/she应该登录到系统，在 POM 中它说登录是一个单独的页面我必须浏览三个页面才能完成 task.it 如果你能帮助我就太好了 out.and 它可以讨论并且对不起，如果我的英语不好。在自动化方面，请将我视为一个完全的菜鸟 :) 谢谢！

这是我写的测试脚本...

package TestNG;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.By.ByXPath;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

//public String baseUrl;
//public  String driverPath;
//public WebDriver driver;

public class Tester {
    public String baseUrl = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxx/xxx/";
    public String driverPath = "C:\Users\User\Desktop\geckodriver.exe";
    public WebDriver driver;

    @Test(priority = 0)
    public void Login() {

        System.out.println("launching firefox browser");
        System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", driverPath);
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        driver.get(baseUrl);
        WebElement username = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"userId\"]")));
        username.sendKeys("xxxxxxxxx");
        WebElement password = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"loginPassword\"]")));
        password.sendKeys("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
        WebElement button = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions
                .presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div[3]/div/div/form/div[3]/div[2]/div/button")));
        button.click();
        String expectedTitle = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
        String actualTitle = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/h1")))
                .getText().toString();
        // System.out.println(actualTitle);
        Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle);

        // driver.close();

    }

    @Test(priority = 1)
    public void Personal_Tab_Selection() {

        clickWhenReady("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/nav/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/ul/li[5]/a", 10, driver);

    }

    @Test(priority = 2)
    public void Add_Edit_Selection() {

        clickLinkByHref("/rsa/5/15/staff/n/i/list", driver);

    }

    @Test(priority = 3)
    public void Add_Button() {
        clickWhenReady("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/a", 10, driver);

    }

    @Test(priority = 4)
    public void Radio_Button_AMW() {
        WebElement amw_radio = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/label[1]")));
        amw_radio.click();
    }

    @Test(priority = 5)
    public void Radio_Button_service_provider() {
        WebElement service_provider = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/label[1]")));
        service_provider.click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 6)
    public void Service_Provider_Name_select() {

        WebElement Service_Provider_DD = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                        By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[3]/div/div/a")));
        Service_Provider_DD.click();

        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("ul > li:nth-child(2)")).click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 7)
    public void Employee_Code_Enter() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[5]/div/input"))
                .sendKeys("01112");

    }

    @Test(priority = 8)
    public void Click_Salutation() {
        WebElement Salutation_DD = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[6]/div/div/a")));
        Salutation_DD.click();
    }

    @Test(priority = 9)
    public void Salutation_Click() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[6]/div/div/div/ul/li[5]"))
                .click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 10)
    public void employee_name() {

        WebElement empname = driver
                .findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[7]/div/input"));
        empname.sendKeys("Test2");
    }

    @Test(priority = 11)
    public void Sap_plant_code() {
        WebElement plant_code = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/a")));
        plant_code.click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 12)
    public void sap_code_set() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/ul/li[3]"))
                .click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 13)
    public void sap_vendor_code() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[9]/div/input"))
                .sendKeys("test_2");

    }

    @Test(priority = 14)
    public void employee_role_select() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[10]/div/div/ul")).click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 15)
    public void select_Technician_role() {

        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[10]/div/div/div/ul/li"))
                .click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 16)
    public void select_status() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[11]/div/div/a")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[11]/div/div/div/ul/li[1]"))
                .click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 17)
    public void click_save_button() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/button[1]")).click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 18)
    public void Record_add_notification_Check() {

        if ((new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions
                .presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/button"))) != null) {
            driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/button")).click();
        } else {
            infoBox("not Added", "Not Added");
        }

    }

    public static void infoBox(String infoMessage, String titleBar) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, infoMessage, "InfoBox: " + titleBar, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }

    public static void clickWhenReady(String location, int timeout, WebDriver driver) {

        WebElement element = null;

        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout);

        element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(location)));

        element.click();

    }

    public static void clickLinkByHref(String href, WebDriver driver) {

        List<WebElement> anchors = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

        Iterator<WebElement> i = anchors.iterator();

        while (i.hasNext()) {
            WebElement anchor = i.next();
            if (anchor.getAttribute("href").contains(href)) {
                anchor.click();

                break;
            }

        }

    }

}

Answer 1

关于您的脚本的几句话：

presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"userId\"]")) - 如果一个元素有 id 你应该总是尝试使用 id 而不是 xpath
By.xpath("/html/body/div/div[3]/div/div/form/div[3]/div[2]/div/button")) - 建议尽量使用logical xpath而不是absolute xpath。否则你的 xpath 会变得脆弱。
既然你愿意遵循POM，你需要在一个页面中定义一个页面的所有元素，这个页面将被称为PageFactory。同样，网页的所有元素将驻留在单独的 class.

例如网页上元素的条目可能如下所示：

@FindBy(id="user_login") 
WebElement username;

当您使用 TestNG 时，您可以将与浏览器相关的代码移动到单独的 class Browserfactory。从你的测试class中，在@BeforeTest注解中调用Browserfactory的方法来初始化浏览器，打开url.

这些是通过 POM 实现代码的一些基本步骤。

如果这能解决您的问题，请告诉我。

Answer 2

这些是我根据 UI 的页面创建的类，我也将结构作为快照附上:)

public class Driver_class {

    private static String baseUrl;
    private static String driverPath;
    public static WebDriver driver;

    public static WebDriver getDriver() {

        baseUrl = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xx:xx\Desktop\geckodriver.exe";

        if (driver == null) {
            System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:\Users\User\Desktop\geckodriver.exe");
            driver = new FirefoxDriver();
            driver.get(baseUrl);
        }
        return driver;

    }

}


public class Login {

    public WebElement uid;
    public WebElement pwd;
    public WebElement loginbtn;

    public void get_elements(WebDriver driver) {
        uid = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"userId\"]")));

        pwd = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"loginPassword\"]")));

        loginbtn = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions
                .presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div[3]/div/div/form/div[3]/div[2]/div/button")));

    }

    public void customerLogin() {

        this.uid.sendKeys("xxxxxxxx");
        this.pwd.sendKeys("xxxxxxxxxxx");
        this.loginbtn.click();

    }

}

public class Navigation {

    public WebElement Personal_Tab;
    public WebElement Add_Edit_p;

    public void navigate_personal_button(WebDriver driver) {

        clickWhenReady("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/nav/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/ul/li[5]/a", 10, driver);

    }

    public void navigate_personal_add_button(WebDriver driver) {

        clickLinkByHref("/rsa/5/15/staff/n/i/list", driver);


    }

    public static void clickWhenReady(String location, int timeout, WebDriver driver) {

        WebElement element = null;

        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout);

        element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(location)));

        element.click();

    }

    public void clickLinkByHref(String href, WebDriver driver) {

        List<WebElement> anchors = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
        Iterator<WebElement> i = anchors.iterator();

        while (i.hasNext()) {
            WebElement anchor = i.next();
            if (anchor.getAttribute("href").contains(href)) {
                anchor.click();
                break;
            }
        }
    }




}
public class Personal_Details {

    WebElement amw_radio;
    WebElement service_provider;
    WebElement Service_Provider_DD;
    //WebElement Employee_Code_Enter;

    WebElement Click_Salutation;
    WebElement Salutation_DD;
    WebElement empname;
    WebElement plant_code;


    //WebElement

    public void Radio_Button_AMW(WebDriver driver) {
         amw_radio = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/label[1]")));
        amw_radio.click();
    }


    public void Radio_Button_service_provider(WebDriver driver) {
        service_provider = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/label[1]")));
        service_provider.click();
    }


    public void Service_Provider_Name_select(WebDriver driver) {

        Service_Provider_DD = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                        By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[3]/div/div/a")));
        Service_Provider_DD.click();

        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("ul > li:nth-child(2)")).click();

    }


    public void Employee_Code_Enter(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[5]/div/input"))
                .sendKeys("01112");

    }


    public void Click_Salutation(WebDriver driver) {
        Salutation_DD = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[6]/div/div/a")));
        Salutation_DD.click();
    }


    public void Salutation_Click(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[6]/div/div/div/ul/li[5]"))
                .click();

    }


    public void employee_name(WebDriver driver) {

         empname = driver
                .findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[7]/div/input"));
        empname.sendKeys("Test2");
    }


    public void Sap_plant_code(WebDriver driver) {
        plant_code = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/a")));
        plant_code.click();

    }


    public void sap_code_set(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/ul/li[3]"))
                .click();

    }


    public void sap_vendor_code(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[9]/div/input"))
                .sendKeys("test_2");

    }


    public void employee_role_select(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[10]/div/div/ul")).click();

    }


    public void select_Technician_role(WebDriver driver) {

        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[10]/div/div/div/ul/li"))
                .click();

    }


    public void select_status(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[11]/div/div/a")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[11]/div/div/div/ul/li[1]"))
                .click();

    }


    public void click_save_button(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/button[1]")).click();

    }


    public void Record_add_notification_Check(WebDriver driver) {

        if ((new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions
                .presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/button"))) != null) {
            driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/button")).click();
        } else {
            infoBox("not Added", "Not Added");
        }

    }

    public static void infoBox(String infoMessage, String titleBar) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, infoMessage, "InfoBox: " + titleBar, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }


}


public class Personal_list {

    WebElement add_btn;


    public void find_add_btn(WebDriver driver) {

          String add_btn_path = "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/a";    
          detect_element_click(driver, add_btn_path);


    }

    public void detect_element_click(WebDriver webDriver, String xp) {
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10);
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath(xp))).click();

    }
}

这是执行所有 test_cases

的 TestCaseClass

public class TestCases {

    public WebDriver driver = Driver_class.getDriver();

    @Test(priority = 0)
    public void newCustomerLogin() {

        Login rsaLogin = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Login.class);
        rsaLogin.get_elements(driver);
        rsaLogin.customerLogin();

    }

    @Test(priority = 1)
    public void click_Personal_tab() {

        Navigation n = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Navigation.class);
        n.navigate_personal_button(driver);
        n.navigate_personal_add_button(driver);


    }

    @Test(priority=2)
    public void click_add_tab() {

        Personal_list ps= PageFactory.initElements(driver,Personal_list.class);
        ps.find_add_btn(driver);


    }

    @Test(priority=3)
    public void Enter_personal_details(){

        Personal_Details d= new Personal_Details();
        d.Radio_Button_AMW(driver);
        d.Radio_Button_service_provider(driver);
        d.Service_Provider_Name_select(driver);
        d.Employee_Code_Enter(driver);
        d.Click_Salutation(driver);
        d.Salutation_Click(driver);
        d.employee_name(driver);
        d.Sap_plant_code(driver);
        d.sap_code_set(driver);
        d.sap_vendor_code(driver);
        d.employee_role_select(driver);
        d.select_Technician_role(driver);
        d.select_status(driver);
        d.click_save_button(driver);
        d.Record_add_notification_Check(driver);






    }

}

如何使用 selenium java 和（TestNG 框架）设置 POM 结构

How to Set up POM Structure using selenium java and (TestNG Framework)

selenium

selenium-webdriver

testng

software-quality