启用混合使 renderPipelineState 无法在 MetalKit MTKView 中构建

Question

我正在 metalkit MTKView 中渲染具有一些半透明区域 (alpha < 1) 的几何体。如果 isBlendingEnabled 在渲染管线状态的描述符中保留为 false，则一切都会按应有的方式显示（尽管所有纯色）。

我知道渲染半透明对象取决于绘制顺序。目前，我只想测试 alpha 混合看起来像半透明区域与渲染缓冲区中已有的混合，即使它只是混合到背景（此时仍然只是清晰的颜色）。

但是，当我尝试启用混合时，makeRenderPipelineState 失败并出现以下错误：

Compiler failed to build request Error Domain=CompilerError Code=1 "Fragment shader does not write to render target color(0), index(1) that is required for blending"

下面是尝试在 MTKView 的委托中构建管道状态的代码。它从 MTKView 继承属性的地方，我将这些属性的值放在评论中

do {


let descriptor = MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor()
descriptor.vertexFunction = vertex
descriptor.fragmentFunction = fragment
descriptor.sampleCount = view.sampleCount // 4
descriptor.depthAttachmentPixelFormat = view.depthStencilPixelFormat //.depth32Float

let renderAttachment = descriptor.colorAttachments[0]
renderAttachment?.pixelFormat = view.colorPixelFormat //.bgra8Unorm

// following 7 lines cause makeRenderPipelineState to fail
renderAttachment?.isBlendingEnabled = true
renderAttachment?.alphaBlendOperation = .add
renderAttachment?.rgbBlendOperation = .add
renderAttachment?.sourceRGBBlendFactor = .sourceAlpha
renderAttachment?.sourceAlphaBlendFactor = .sourceAlpha
renderAttachment?.destinationRGBBlendFactor = .oneMinusSourceAlpha
renderAttachment?.destinationAlphaBlendFactor = .oneMinusSource1Alpha

computePipelineState = try device.makeComputePipelineState(function: kernel)
renderPipelineState = try device.makeRenderPipelineState(descriptor: descriptor)

} catch {
    print(error)
}

鉴于错误抱怨 color(0)，我将 color[0] 绑定添加到片段着色器的输出：

constant float3 directionalLight = float3(-50, -30, 80);

struct FragOut {
    float4 solidColor [[ color(0) ]];
};

fragment FragOut passThroughFragment(Vertex fragIn [[ stage_in ]]) {
    FragOut fragOut;
    fragOut.solidColor = fragIn.color;
    fragOut.solidColor.rgb *= max(0.4, dot(fragIn.normal, normalize(directionalLight)));
    return fragOut;
};

最后是开奖代码：

if let renderPassDescriptor = view.currentRenderPassDescriptor,
    let drawable = view.currentDrawable {
    let commandBuffer = queue.makeCommandBuffer()
    renderPassDescriptor.colorAttachments[0].clearColor = MTLClearColor(red: 0.8, green: 0.8, blue: 1, alpha: 1)
    let renderEncoder = commandBuffer.makeRenderCommandEncoder(descriptor: renderPassDescriptor)
    renderEncoder.setDepthStencilState(depthStencilState)
    renderEncoder.setRenderPipelineState(renderPipelineState)
    //renderEncoder.setTriangleFillMode(.lines)
    renderEncoder.setVertexBuffer(sceneBuffer, offset: 0, at: 0)
    renderEncoder.setVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer, offset: 0, at: 1)           
    renderEncoder.drawPrimitives(type: .triangle, vertexStart: 0, vertexCount: Int(vertexCount) ) 

    renderEncoder.endEncoding()
    commandBuffer.present(drawable)
    commandBuffer.commit()
}

我没有在片段着色器中明确设置任何纹理。这是否意味着 currentDrawable 隐含地是索引 0 处的颜色附件？为什么错误消息要在索引 1 处看到 color(0)？混合是否需要两种颜色的附件？（它不能只是叠加地混合到已经渲染的东西上吗？）

谢谢。

Answer 1

您似乎无意中调用了 dual-source blending。不要将 destinationAlphaBlendFactor 设置为 oneMinusSource1Alpha，而是尝试 oneMinusSourceAlpha（注意缺少的 1）。

此外，您认为 Metal 默认写入第一个颜色附件的直觉是正确的（当前可绘制对象由 MTKView 配置为第一个颜色附件的纹理）。与其 return 构造一个带有 [[color(0)]] 属性的成员，不如从片段函数中 return 一个 float4（或 half4），并且该颜色将写入原色附件。但是，一旦您的混合因子配置正确，您编写它的方式应该会起作用。

启用混合使 renderPipelineState 无法在 MetalKit MTKView 中构建

Enabling blending makes renderPipelineState fail to build in MetalKit MTKView

alphablending

depth-buffer

swift

metal

metalkit