如何让Django支持IETF语言标签（xx-YY格式）？

Question

我们有一个支持多种语言的 Django 站点。尝试添加多语言的opensearch插件支持。

OpenSearch.org spec uses IETF language tag (xx-YY format)。默认 Django 设置使用精确匹配。

目前状态，本站仅支持xx格式，其他returnE404。示例：
```
http://website.domain/en/...
```

根据用户配置，浏览器将语言参数插入为 xx 或 xx-YY。它需要对两者都有效

如果 xx-YY 不可用，站点应提供 xx（母国语言）结果。
如果 xx 不可用，站点应提供 en（英语）结果。

要支持的 URL 示例：

http://website.domain/fr-YY/...

  fall-back to: http://website.domain/fr/...

http://website.domain/xx/...

  fall-back to: http://website.domain/en/...

来自 Mozilla 站点的示例 URL： https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/949545

如何让Django支持IETF语言标签（xx-YY格式）？我什至在寻找在不修改 django 上游代码的情况下实现它的提示。

更新：

好吧，官方文档明确表示它应该回退（例如：en-us 到 en）但是我的情况引发了 404 错误。

来源：https://django.readthedocs.io/en/1.5.x/topics/i18n/translation.html

If a base language is available but the sublanguage specified is not, Django uses the base language. For example, if a user specifies de-at (Austrian German) but Django only has de available, Django uses de.

...

LANGUAGES = ( ('de', _('German')), ('en', _('English')), )

This example restricts languages that are available for automatic selection to German and English (and any sublanguage, like de-ch or en-us).

相关代码部分如下：

settings.py

# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en'

LANGUAGES = (
  ( 'ar', "Arabic" ),
  ( 'en', "English" ),
  ( 'fr', "French" ),
  ( 'id', "Indonesian" ),
  ( 'ja', "Japanese"),
  ( 'ku', "Kurdish" ),
  #( 'ur', "Urdu" ),
  ( 'ms', "Malay" ),
  ( 'ml', "Malayalam" ),
  #( 'tr', "Turkish" ),
  ( 'es', "Spanish" ),
  ( 'pt', "Portuguese"),
  #( 'sv', "swedish" )
)

# These are languages not supported by Django core. We have to provide
# their info here so we can use them in our templates. This is mainly
# used in `wui.templatetags.languages`.
EXTRA_LANGUAGES = {
  'ku': {
    'code': 'ku',
    'name': 'Kurdish',
    'bidi': True,
    'name_local': 'Kurdish'
  },
  'ms': {
    'code': 'ms',
    'name': 'Malay',
    'bidi': False,
    'name_local': 'Malay'
  },
}


SITE_ID = 1

# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True

# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale
USE_L10N = True

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
# from django.contrib import admin
# admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns( '',
  url( r'^jos2', 'wui.views.jos2' ),
  url(r'^r', 'wui.views.one_aya_page'),
  url(r'^$', 'wui.views.results'),
  # url( r'^admin/', include( admin.site.urls ) ),
)

# These URLs accept the language prefix.
urlpatterns += i18n_patterns('',
  url(r'^$', 'wui.views.results'),
  url(r'^(?P<unit>\w{3,15})/', 'wui.views.results'),
)

# 404 not found handler

handler404 = 'wui.views.custom_404'

Answer 1

您需要在设置中指定支持的语言：

LANGUAGES = (
    ('en', _('English'),
    ('en-gb', _('British English'),
    ('en-au', _('Australian English'),
    ('es', _('Spanish'),
    ('es-ar', _('Argentinian Spanish'),
)

从那里开始，使用 i18n_urlpatterns。当您创建 PO 文件时，您将需要运行 python manage.py makemessages -l en_GB 等。查看 here 了解更多信息。

Answer 2

据我测试，Django i18n 确实支持 fall-back xx-YY 到 xx 然后默认（en 在我的例子中）但只支持 Accept-Language 用户代理 header。 URL 语言切换不一样。

这是我能想到的解决方案：

from django.views.generic import RedirectView
from django.conf import settings
...
urlpatterns += patterns('',
  url(r'^(?P<lang>[a-z]{2})-[A-Za-z]{2}/(?P<path>.*)$', RedirectView.as_view(url='/%(lang)s/%(path)s',query_string=True)),
  url(r'^[a-z]{2}/(?P<path>.*)$', RedirectView.as_view(url='/{}/%(path)s'.format(settings.LANGUAGE_CODE),query_string=True)),
)

任何 xx-YY 未被 i18n 模式处理的重定向到 xx
任何 xx 未被 i18n 模式处理的重定向到使用 LANGUAGE_CODE 设置的默认语言。

如何让Django支持IETF语言标签（xx-YY格式）？

How to make Django support IETF language tag (xx-YY format)?

python

django

internationalization

opensearch