使用 Capistrano 部署 Rails 5.1 / Webpacker 应用程序
Deploy Rails 5.1 / Webpacker app with Capistrano
我有一个 Ubuntu 服务器来部署我的 Rails 项目。在我的 Ubuntu 服务器中，我有 RVM。
现在我想用 Rails 5.1 和 webpacker 部署新项目。为了部署这个项目，我在我的 Ubuntu 服务器上安装了 NVM、npm 和 yarn。
在我的 Rails 5.1 / Webpacker 项目中，我有以下用于 capistrano 部署的 gem：
Gemfile
group :development do
gem 'capistrano-rails'
gem 'capistrano-rvm'
gem 'capistrano-passenger'
gem 'capistrano-nvm', require: false
gem 'capistrano-yarn'
end
在 deploy.rb 中，我为 capistrano nvm 和 capistrano yarn 添加了一些配置。
deploy.rb
set :nvm_type, :user # or :system, depends on your nvm setup
set :nvm_node, 'v7.10.0'
set :nvm_map_bins, %w{node npm yarn}
set :yarn_target_path, -> { release_path.join('client') } #
set :yarn_flags, '--production --silent --no-progress' # default
set :yarn_roles, :all # default
set :yarn_env_variables, {}
我还在 linked_dirs 中添加了 node_modules。
deploy.rb
set :linked_dirs, %w{log tmp/pids tmp/cache tmp/sockets vendor/bundle public/system node_modules client/node_modules}
当我在assets:precompile步执行cap deploy时出现了问题。接下来是错误日志。
终端日志
00:10 deploy:assets:precompile
01 /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile
01 Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
01 Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
01 /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
01 Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js https://nodejs.org/en/download/
(Backtrace restricted to imported tasks)
cap aborted!
SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError: Exception while executing on host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written
SSHKit::Command::Failed: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written
Tasks: TOP => deploy:assets:precompile
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
The deploy has failed with an error: Exception while executing on host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written
** DEPLOY FAILED
** Refer to log/capistrano.log for details. Here are the last 20 lines:
DEBUG [016276ab] * spring (2.0.1)
DEBUG [016276ab] * spring-watcher-listen (2.0.1)
DEBUG [016276ab] * web-console (3.5.0)
DEBUG [016276ab] Install missing gems with `bundle install`
DEBUG [016276ab] Finished in 0.677 seconds with exit status 1 (failed).
INFO [86e74b01] Running /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle install --path /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle --without development test --deployment --quiet on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
DEBUG [86e74b01] Command: cd /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021 && ( export NODE_VERSION="v7.10.0" ; /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle install --path /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle --without development test --deployment --quiet )
DEBUG [86e74b01] Warning, new version of rvm available '1.29.1', you are using older version '1.26.11'.
You can disable this warning with: echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=0 >> ~/.rvmrc
You can enable auto-update with: echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=2 >> ~/.rvmrc
INFO [86e74b01] Finished in 3.209 seconds with exit status 0 (successful).
DEBUG [4a428031] Running if test ! -d /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021; then echo "Directory does not exist '/home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021'" 1>&2; false; fi on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
DEBUG [4a428031] Command: if test ! -d /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021; then echo "Directory does not exist '/home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021'" 1>&2; false; fi
DEBUG [4a428031] Finished in 0.066 seconds with exit status 0 (successful).
INFO [d225a8b5] Running /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
DEBUG [d225a8b5] Command: cd /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021 && ( export NODE_VERSION="v7.10.0" RAILS_ENV="production" ; /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile )
DEBUG [d225a8b5] Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
DEBUG [d225a8b5] /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
DEBUG [d225a8b5] Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js https://nodejs.org/en/download/
提前致谢！
该错误几乎可以告诉您哪里出了问题。服务器上找不到 Yarn 或 Node。您的安装可能不正确。
按照此处的说明进行安装：
https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/#debian-and-ubuntu-based-linux-distributions
这里：
https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/install/#linux-tab
然后确保您可以调用：
yarn
node
在服务器上。如果没有，您可能需要将可执行文件的路径添加到您的 PATH 变量中
我更喜欢在本地编译资产，然后使用 rsync 复制到生产服务器：
# lib/capistrano/tasks/precompile.rake
namespace :assets do
desc 'Precompile assets locally and then rsync to web servers'
task :precompile do
run_locally do
with rails_env: stage_of_env do
execute :bundle, 'exec rake assets:precompile'
end
end
on roles(:web), in: :parallel do |server|
run_locally do
execute :rsync,
"-a --delete ./public/packs/ #{fetch(:user)}@#{server.hostname}:#{shared_path}/public/packs/"
execute :rsync,
"-a --delete ./public/assets/ #{fetch(:user)}@#{server.hostname}:#{shared_path}/public/assets/"
end
end
run_locally do
execute :rm, '-rf public/assets'
execute :rm, '-rf public/packs'
end
end
end
# config/deploy.rb
after 'deploy:updated', 'assets:precompile'
在您的 Capfile 中，您需要包含所有 capistrano 任务：
# Load custom tasks from `lib/capistrano/tasks` if you have any defined
Dir.glob('lib/capistrano/tasks/**/*.rake').each { |r| import r }
这消除了在生产服务器上安装节点和纱线的需要。
当然需要本地安装node和yarn
首先 - 安装 Yarn
curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install yarn
其次 - 安装 NodeJS（现在 14 是最新的）：
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
对我有用的是确保 NVM 包含在 PATH 中。默认情况下，在 bash 终端中，NVM 将其环境变量添加到 ~/.bashrc 的末尾，但该文件的大部分内容通常不会在 non-interactive 终端（Capistrano 运行的终端）中执行.我发现 this comment 有帮助：
Put your NVM source script in your .bashrc which is still evaluated even during an non-interactive SSH session. Just make sure you place the declarations at the top, before the case statement:
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
*i*) ;;
*) return;;
esac
我有一个 Ubuntu 服务器来部署我的 Rails 项目。在我的 Ubuntu 服务器中，我有 RVM。
现在我想用 Rails 5.1 和 webpacker 部署新项目。为了部署这个项目，我在我的 Ubuntu 服务器上安装了 NVM、npm 和 yarn。
在我的 Rails 5.1 / Webpacker 项目中，我有以下用于 capistrano 部署的 gem：
Gemfile
group :development do
gem 'capistrano-rails'
gem 'capistrano-rvm'
gem 'capistrano-passenger'
gem 'capistrano-nvm', require: false
gem 'capistrano-yarn'
end
在 deploy.rb 中，我为 capistrano nvm 和 capistrano yarn 添加了一些配置。
deploy.rb
set :nvm_type, :user # or :system, depends on your nvm setup
set :nvm_node, 'v7.10.0'
set :nvm_map_bins, %w{node npm yarn}
set :yarn_target_path, -> { release_path.join('client') } #
set :yarn_flags, '--production --silent --no-progress' # default
set :yarn_roles, :all # default
set :yarn_env_variables, {}
我还在 linked_dirs 中添加了 node_modules。
deploy.rb
set :linked_dirs, %w{log tmp/pids tmp/cache tmp/sockets vendor/bundle public/system node_modules client/node_modules}
当我在assets:precompile步执行cap deploy时出现了问题。接下来是错误日志。
终端日志
00:10 deploy:assets:precompile
01 /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile
01 Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
01 Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
01 /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
01 Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js https://nodejs.org/en/download/
(Backtrace restricted to imported tasks)
cap aborted!
SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError: Exception while executing on host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written
SSHKit::Command::Failed: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written
Tasks: TOP => deploy:assets:precompile
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
The deploy has failed with an error: Exception while executing on host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written
** DEPLOY FAILED
** Refer to log/capistrano.log for details. Here are the last 20 lines:
DEBUG [016276ab] * spring (2.0.1)
DEBUG [016276ab] * spring-watcher-listen (2.0.1)
DEBUG [016276ab] * web-console (3.5.0)
DEBUG [016276ab] Install missing gems with `bundle install`
DEBUG [016276ab] Finished in 0.677 seconds with exit status 1 (failed).
INFO [86e74b01] Running /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle install --path /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle --without development test --deployment --quiet on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
DEBUG [86e74b01] Command: cd /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021 && ( export NODE_VERSION="v7.10.0" ; /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle install --path /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle --without development test --deployment --quiet )
DEBUG [86e74b01] Warning, new version of rvm available '1.29.1', you are using older version '1.26.11'.
You can disable this warning with: echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=0 >> ~/.rvmrc
You can enable auto-update with: echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=2 >> ~/.rvmrc
INFO [86e74b01] Finished in 3.209 seconds with exit status 0 (successful).
DEBUG [4a428031] Running if test ! -d /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021; then echo "Directory does not exist '/home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021'" 1>&2; false; fi on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
DEBUG [4a428031] Command: if test ! -d /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021; then echo "Directory does not exist '/home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021'" 1>&2; false; fi
DEBUG [4a428031] Finished in 0.066 seconds with exit status 0 (successful).
INFO [d225a8b5] Running /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
DEBUG [d225a8b5] Command: cd /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021 && ( export NODE_VERSION="v7.10.0" RAILS_ENV="production" ; /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile )
DEBUG [d225a8b5] Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
DEBUG [d225a8b5] /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
DEBUG [d225a8b5] Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js https://nodejs.org/en/download/
提前致谢！
该错误几乎可以告诉您哪里出了问题。服务器上找不到 Yarn 或 Node。您的安装可能不正确。
按照此处的说明进行安装：
https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/#debian-and-ubuntu-based-linux-distributions
这里：
https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/install/#linux-tab
然后确保您可以调用：
yarn
node
在服务器上。如果没有，您可能需要将可执行文件的路径添加到您的 PATH 变量中
我更喜欢在本地编译资产，然后使用 rsync 复制到生产服务器：
# lib/capistrano/tasks/precompile.rake
namespace :assets do
desc 'Precompile assets locally and then rsync to web servers'
task :precompile do
run_locally do
with rails_env: stage_of_env do
execute :bundle, 'exec rake assets:precompile'
end
end
on roles(:web), in: :parallel do |server|
run_locally do
execute :rsync,
"-a --delete ./public/packs/ #{fetch(:user)}@#{server.hostname}:#{shared_path}/public/packs/"
execute :rsync,
"-a --delete ./public/assets/ #{fetch(:user)}@#{server.hostname}:#{shared_path}/public/assets/"
end
end
run_locally do
execute :rm, '-rf public/assets'
execute :rm, '-rf public/packs'
end
end
end
# config/deploy.rb
after 'deploy:updated', 'assets:precompile'
在您的 Capfile 中，您需要包含所有 capistrano 任务：
# Load custom tasks from `lib/capistrano/tasks` if you have any defined
Dir.glob('lib/capistrano/tasks/**/*.rake').each { |r| import r }
这消除了在生产服务器上安装节点和纱线的需要。
当然需要本地安装node和yarn
首先 - 安装 Yarn
curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install yarn
其次 - 安装 NodeJS（现在 14 是最新的）：
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
对我有用的是确保 NVM 包含在 PATH 中。默认情况下，在 bash 终端中，NVM 将其环境变量添加到 ~/.bashrc 的末尾，但该文件的大部分内容通常不会在 non-interactive 终端（Capistrano 运行的终端）中执行.我发现 this comment 有帮助：
Put your NVM source script in your .bashrc which is still evaluated even during an non-interactive SSH session. Just make sure you place the declarations at the top, before the case statement:
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
*i*) ;;
*) return;;
esac