将 xml 解析为并替换特定标签 shell 脚本

Question

对于下面的 xml ，我需要将 <studentName>CLASSA</studentName> 的 <studentStatus> 替换为 <studentStatus>failed</studentStatus>.

<studentFile>
    <student>
        <studentName>CLASSA</studentName>
        <studentStatus>Success</studentStatus>
        <studentActions>
            <studentAction>
                <studentType>Juniour</studentType>
                <studentStatus>Completed</studentStatus>
                <studentMsg/>
            </studentAction>
            <studentAction>
                <studentType>HighSchool</studentType>
                <studentStatus>Completed</studentStatus>
                <studentMsg/>
            </studentAction>
        </studentActions>
    </student>
    <student>
        <studentName>CLASSB</studentName>
        <studentStatus>Success</studentStatus>
        <studentActions>
            <studentAction>
                <studentType>Senior</studentType>
                <studentStatus>Completed</studentStatus>
            </studentAction>
            <studentAction>
                <studentType>Middle</studentType>
                <studentStatus>Completed</studentStatus>
            </studentAction>                         
        </studentActions>
    </student>
</studentFile>

到目前为止我得到了什么，

xmllint -xpath "/studentFile/student[studentName='CLASSA']/studentActions/studentAction[studentType="Juniour"]/studentStatus" myxml.xml

现在我得到学生的状态为 Completed ，现在这个值应该更改为 Failed 。仅限 <studentType>Juniour</studentType>。我应该如何编辑 xml 才能将其设为 ,

<studentFile>
    <student>
        <studentName>CLASSA</studentName>
        <studentStatus>Success</studentStatus>
        <studentActions>
            <studentAction>
                <studentType>Juniour</studentType>
                <studentStatus>Failed</studentStatus>
                <studentMsg/>
            </studentAction>
            <studentAction>
                <studentType>HighSchool</studentType>
                <studentStatus>Completed</studentStatus>
                <studentMsg/>
            </studentAction>
        </studentActions>
    </student>
    <student>
        <studentName>CLASSB</studentName>
        <studentStatus>Success</studentStatus>
        <studentActions>
            <studentAction>
                <studentType>Senior</studentType>
                <studentStatus>Completed</studentStatus>
            </studentAction>
            <studentAction>
                <studentType>Middle</studentType>
                <studentStatus>Completed</studentStatus>
            </studentAction>                         
        </studentActions>
    </student>
</studentFile>

这可以使用 sed 来完成吗？我知道有像 xsltproc 这样的工具，但不确定它是否安装在我们集群的所有节点中。

如有任何帮助，我们将不胜感激。提前致谢！

Answer 1

如果 xmlstarlet（query/edit/check/transform 的命令行工具包 XML 个文档）可访问：

xmlstarlet ed -u "//studentAction/studentStatus[preceding-sibling::studentType[1][text() = 'Juniour'] \
           and ancestor::student/studentName[text() = 'CLASSA']]" -v failed students.xml

以上将输出需要替换的初始 XML 文档

命令详情：

ed -u - edit/update 模式

//studentAction/studentStatus - select studentStatus 元素的 xpath 表达式具有：

preceding-sibling::studentType[1][text() = 'Juniour'] - 在同级元素 studentType 之前的值为 Juniour
ancestor::student/studentName[text() = 'CLASSA'] - 最近的元素 studentName，值为 CLASSA

Answer 2

xlmlint，顾名思义，是为了解析和验证XML，而不是编辑它。如果您可以在集群上安装 xmlstarlet，则可以执行以下操作：

xmlstarlet ed --update "/studentFile/student[studentName='CLASSA']/studentActions/studentAction[studentType='Juniour']/studentStatus" --value "Failed" *file*

Answer 3

在 file.xml 中使用 xmllint 更新值：

xmllint --shell file.xml << EOF
cd /studentFile/student[studentName='CLASSA']/studentActions/studentAction[studentType='Juniour']/studentStatus
set failed
save
EOF

或没有here document:

echo -e "cd /studentFile/student[studentName='CLASSA']/studentActions/studentAction[studentType='Juniour']/studentStatus\nset failed\nsave" | xmllint --shell file.xml

更新：在变量中使用 bash 和 XML：

xml=$(xmllint --shell <(echo "$xml") << EOF
cd /studentFile/student[studentName='CLASSA']/studentActions/studentAction[studentType='Juniour']/studentStatus
set failed
save -
EOF
)

或没有此处文档：

xml=$(echo -e "cd /studentFile/student[studentName='CLASSA']/studentActions/studentAction[studentType='Juniour']/studentStatus\nset failed\nsave -" | xmllint --shell <(echo "$xml"))

Answer 4

您可以试试我的 Xembly 命令行工具：

$ xembly --xml file.xml 'XPATH "/studentFile/student[studentName=\'CLASSA\']/studentActions/studentAction[studentType=\'Juniour\']/studentStatus"; SET "failed";'

Xembly 的完整语法是 here。

将 xml 解析为并替换特定标签 shell 脚本

Parsing xml to and replacing specific tags shell script

bash

shell

xml-parsing

xmlstarlet

xmllint