(Un)Inferred Subclass Rules Protected vs OWL API

Question

与直接使用 OWL API 相比，我对 Protégé 中的子类处理有点困惑。

我建立了一个简单的 ontology，我从逻辑上定义了 "Man" 或 "Woman" 是什么，即男性或女性人类。

类是

Human
Woman
Man
Gender
    Female
    Male

属性：

hasSex (Human -> Gender)

所以女人是人类和 hasGender 一些女性

我的问题：当我在 Protégé 中显示此 ontology 时，它会自动将男人和女人组织为人类的子类，而无需使用推理器。但是，当我遍历 OWL API 中的所有类并打印它们的子类时，只找到断言的子类：

Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Female>
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Woman>
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Male>
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Human>
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Gender>
    <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Female>
    <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Male>
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Man>

我需要使用推理机来获得预期的结果，Protégé 在不使用推理机的情况下显示：

Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Female>
    Node( owl:Nothing )
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Woman>
    Node( owl:Nothing )
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Male>
    Node( owl:Nothing )
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Human>
    Node( <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Man> )
    Node( <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Woman> )
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Gender>
    Node( <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Female> )
    Node( <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Male> )
Subclasses of <http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Man>
    Node( owl:Nothing )

我在这里做错了什么？ Protégé 是否有针对 "clear" 子类案例的一些内置规则？我在哪里可以找到它们？

作为参考，示例 ontology 和 OWL API 代码如下：

<!-- 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Object Properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 -->




<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#hasAge -->

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#hasAge">
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Human"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#hasSex -->

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#hasSex">
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Human"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Gender"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>



<!-- 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Classes
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 -->




<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Female -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Female">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Gender"/>
</owl:Class>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Gender -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Gender"/>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Human -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Human"/>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Male -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Male">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Gender"/>
</owl:Class>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Man -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Man">
    <owl:equivalentClass>
        <owl:Class>
            <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Human"/>
                <owl:Restriction>
                    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#hasSex"/>
                    <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Male"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
            </owl:intersectionOf>
        </owl:Class>
    </owl:equivalentClass>
</owl:Class>



<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Woman -->

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Woman">
    <owl:equivalentClass>
        <owl:Class>
            <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Human"/>
                <owl:Restriction>
                    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#hasSex"/>
                    <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/2017/4/untitled-ontology-222#Female"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
            </owl:intersectionOf>
        </owl:Class>
    </owl:equivalentClass>
</owl:Class>

public static void main(String[] args) throws OWLOntologyCreationException {
    OWLOntologyManager m = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();
    OWLOntology o = m.loadOntologyFromOntologyDocument(new File("testonto/Untitled.owl"));
    OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = new JFactFactory();
    OWLReasoner reasoner = reasonerFactory.createReasoner(o);
    o.classesInSignature().forEach(c -> {
        System.out.println("Subclasses of " + c);
        reasoner.getSubClasses(c, true).forEach(sc -> System.out.println("    " + sc));
//          EntitySearcher.getSubClasses(c, o).forEach(sc -> System.out.println("    " + sc));
    });
}

Answer 1

简短的回答是肯定的，Protégé 有一些最小的推理来组织断言的层次结构。

(Un)Inferred Subclass Rules Protected vs OWL API

(Un)Inferred Subclass Rules Protégé vs OWL API

owl

protege

description-logic

owl-api