在 Haskell 脚本中,如何以编程方式获取函数的类型签名?

In a Haskell script, how does one programatically obtain the type signature of a function?

在 Haskell (GHC) 中,如何获得下面显示的函数列表的类型签名?

[tail,init,reverse]

我尝试使用 Data.Typeable 模块的 typeOf 函数失败。具体来说,我尝试 运行 以下 Haskell 脚本:

import Data.Typeable
import Test.HUnit
myTest = TestCase
          ( assertEqual "\n\nShould have been \"[[a] -> [a]]\""
            "[[a] -> [a]]"
            (show ( typeOf [tail,init,reverse] )) )
tests = TestList [ (TestLabel "myTest" myTest) ]

但是,GHC 响应以下错误:

C:\>ghci my_script.hs
GHCi, version 8.0.2: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/  :? for help
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( my_script.hs, interpreted )
my_script.hs:7:21: error:
    * No instance for (Typeable a0) arising from a use of `typeOf'
    * In the first argument of `show', namely
        `(typeOf [tail, init, reverse])'
      In the third argument of `assertEqual', namely
        `(show (typeOf [tail, init, reverse]))'
      In the first argument of `TestCase', namely
        `(assertEqual
            "\n\
            \n\
            \Should have been \"[[a] -> [a]]\""
            "[[a] -> [a]]"
            (show (typeOf [tail, init, reverse])))'
Failed, modules loaded: none.
Prelude>

更新: 下面的 HUnit 测试用例不是我想要的,但我确实让它通过了(基于 David Young 的建议)。这个测试用例至少强制编译器确认 [tail,init,reverse][ [a] -> [a] ].

类型
import Data.Typeable
import Test.HUnit
myTest = TestCase
          ( assertEqual "\n\nShould have been 3"
            3
            ( length ( [tail,init,reverse] :: [[a]->[a]] ) ) )
tests = TestList [ (TestLabel "myTest" myTest) ]
C:\>my_script.hs
GHCi, version 8.0.2: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/  :? for help
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( my_script.hs, interpreted )
Ok, modules loaded: Main.
*Main> runTestTT tests
Cases: 1  Tried: 1  Errors: 0  Failures: 0

您不需要单元测试来检查函数的类型。代码编译后运行秒进行单元测试,属于动态测试。但是,类型检查是一种静态测试:所有类型都在程序编译期间进行测试。因此,我们可以将 GHC 用作最小的静态类型检查器,并将您的程序缩减为:

main :: IO ()
main = return ()
  where
    tailInitReverseAreListFunctions :: [[a] -> [a]]
    tailInitReverseAreListFunctions = [tail, init, reverse]

当您实际使用真实数据测试您的函数时,您甚至不再需要该测试,因为该应用程序也会(静态)测试函数的类型。

记住,Haskell 是一种静态类型语言。在编译期间检查类型,before 你的代码是 运行。因此,任何类型检查单元测试或多或少都是一种代码味道,因为它只能通过。