Xvfb：运行测试脚本时连接被拒绝

Question

我有一个 python 脚本，它只能通过调用 my.ip.address/test 来触发。如果我通过命令行运行 PHP 代码，它工作正常。

但是，如果我使用指定的 url 通过浏览器访问测试自动化，它会给我这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last): File "scripts/crawler.py",
line 10, in driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities={"marionette":True}) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py",
line 152, in __init__ keep_alive=True) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py",
line 98, in __init__ self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py",
line 188, in start_session response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py",
line 252, in execute self.error_handler.check_response(response) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py",    
line 194, in check_response raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace) selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: connection refused

geckodriver.log 错误：

1495299180874   geckodriver::marionette INFO    Starting browser /usr/lib/firefox/firefox with args ["-marionette"]
Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused
Error: cannot open display: :99

已经安装了Xvfb和运行它：

$ whoami
  codekaizer #with root privileges
$ Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1024x768x24 -ac -fbdir /tmp/.X11-unix/X99 &

运行 PHP /test 端点的代码片段：

$cmd = 'xvfb-run -a python scripts/crawler.py'
return shell_exec($cmd);

Python代码参考：

#!/usr/bin/env python2

from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
from selenium import webdriver   
import time
import sys

driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities={"marionette":True})

display = Display(visible=0, size=(800,600))
display.start()

driver.get('https://www.google.com')
print driver.title
driver.close()
display.stop()

我现在很困惑，非常感谢有人的帮助！

详情：

火狐 53.0
壁虎驱动程序 0.16.1
软呢帽 22 x86_64

谢谢！ -ck

Answer 1

您正在混合使用 Xvfb 的两种不同方法：运行从命令行使用它，运行从 pyvirtualdisplay 使用它。命令行方法不起作用的原因是因为您没有将新的 Xvfb 实例连接到系统显示，而 pyvirtualdisplay 方法不起作用的原因是因为您试图在 pyvirtualdisplay 创建浏览器之前实例化浏览器将浏览器实例的虚拟帧缓冲区添加到运行中。选择一种方法，但不要同时使用两种方法。

如果您想从命令行运行它，您还必须导出您的 DISPLAY 以匹配您设置的端口：

Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1024x768x24 -ac -fbdir /tmp/.X11-unix/X99 &
export DISPLAY=:99

python yourscript.py

或者，更好的方法是让 pyvirtualdisplay 以编程方式管理所有这些，就像您几乎正在做的那样：

#!/usr/bin/env python2

from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
from selenium import webdriver   
import time
import sys

# Use an context manager to handle the start() and stop()
# Instantiate Display BEFORE you try to instantiate the driver
with Display(visible=0, size=(800,600)):
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities={"marionette":True})

    try:
        driver.get('https://www.google.com')
        print driver.title
    finally:
        # A try/finally block like this insures the driver is closed even if an exception is thrown
        driver.close()

Xvfb：运行测试脚本时连接被拒绝

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Xvfb：运行测试脚本时连接被拒绝