在 C++ 中使用 MinGW 嵌入 python3.6 链接失败
Embeded python3.6 with MinGW in C++ fail on linking
尝试在Win10 64位系统上用C++嵌入python3.6。
Python 由 python-3.6.1-amd64.exe 安装。
CMakeList.txt 显示在下方
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
project(EmbedPython)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp)
find_package(PythonLibs REQUIRED)
include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_executable(EmbedPython ${SOURCE_FILES} ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(EmbedPython ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
并且 CMake 找到了 Python 包。
PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR C:/Program Files (x86)/Python36/include
PYTHON_LIBRARY C:/Program Files (x86)/Python36/libs/python36.lib
Find a comment on github 说的是 API 问题。
# used to embed python script
find_package(PythonLibs 2.7 REQUIRED) # this has to be 2.7 because the 3.0 API requires argv to be wchar_t** rather than the default char**
include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries( assignment ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
下面的错误是我所面临的。
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/main.cpp.obj
[100%] Linking CXX executable EmbedPython.exe
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a(main.cpp.obj): In function `main':
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:16: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_Initialize'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:17: undefined reference to `_imp__PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:20: undefined reference to `_imp__PyImport_Import'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:24: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_GetAttrString'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:27: undefined reference to `_imp__PyCallable_Check'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:28: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_New'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:30: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_FromLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:38: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_SetItem'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:40: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_CallObject'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:43: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_AsLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:49: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:55: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Occurred'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:56: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:63: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:67: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_FinalizeEx'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
mingw32-make.exe[3]: *** [EmbedPython.exe] Error 1
mingw32-make.exe[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/rule] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe: *** [EmbedPython] Error 2
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make:96: recipe for target 'EmbedPython.exe' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:66: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:78: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/rule' failed
Makefile:117: recipe for target 'EmbedPython' failed
不确定如何才能使项目 run.Any 帮助将不胜感激。
编辑：
make VERBOSE=1
的结果
D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug>make VERBOSE=1
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -HD:\Projects\EmbedPython -BD:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug --check-build-system CMakeFiles\Makefile.cmake 0
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_progress_start D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles\progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles\Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
make -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_depends "MinGW Makefiles" D:\Projects\EmbedPython D:\Projects\EmbedPython D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\DependInfo.cmake --color=
make[2]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
make -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
[ 50%] Linking CXX executable EmbedPython.exe
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\link.txt --verbose=1
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E remove -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a
C:\PROGRA~2\MINGW-~1\I686-6~1.0-P\mingw32\bin\ar.exe cr CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a @CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\objects1.rsp
C:\PROGRA~2\MINGW-~1\I686-6~1.0-P\mingw32\bin\G__~1.EXE -g -Wl,--whole-archive CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -o EmbedPython.exe -Wl,--out-implib,libEmbedPython.dll.a -Wl,--major-image-version,0,--minor-image-version,0 @CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\linklibs.rsp
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a(main.cpp.obj): In function `main':
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:16: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_Initialize'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:17: undefined reference to `_imp__PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:20: undefined reference to `_imp__PyImport_Import'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:24: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_GetAttrString'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:27: undefined reference to `_imp__PyCallable_Check'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:28: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_New'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:30: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_FromLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:38: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_SetItem'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:40: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_CallObject'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:43: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_AsLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:49: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:55: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Occurred'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:56: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:63: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:67: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_FinalizeEx'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make:97: recipe for target 'EmbedPython.exe' failed
make[2]: *** [EmbedPython.exe] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:66: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
Makefile:82: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
我遇到了同样的问题。
问题可能是因为使用 32 位 MinGW 和 64 位 Python。你应该安装 32 位版本的 python
希望对你有用:-)
我遇到了完全相同的问题，只是在尝试从 Python 手册构建 example 时使用 Python 3.7。
我的系统是64位的Windows，安装的Python是64位的3.7（来自Anaconda3），编译器是32位的MinGW 5.3.0（来自Qt 5.11).
对我有用的最简单的解决方案如下：
- 下载 Windows x86 embeddable zip file from this 页面。
- 将该存档的内容放入您正在构建的项目中的文件夹中。
- 不要不要从该存档安装任何东西，不要不要把它放在系统路径上。
- 将上述文件夹添加到gcc库搜索路径，使用：
-L"path/to/folder/"
- 将 python 库添加到链接器，使用
-l"python37"（将 37 替换为您下载的任何版本）
- 如前所述here（这很难找到！），添加一个定义，使用
-DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN=1（也可以在[=15之前写#define DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN 1 =]-ing Python header，虽然我不推荐它）
- 使用
-I"path/to/include" 提供 Python header 的路径。我使用了 Anaconda 中的那个，例如-I"c:/Users/user/Anaconda3/include/"。任何已安装的 header 都可以，只要确保它来自相同的版本（旧 版本的 header 也可以使用，但这可能会导致破裂在 space-time 连续体中）
- 确保
#include <Python.h> 位于任何其他包含之前，如手册中所述。
作为旁注，MinGW 链接器 (ld) 多年来一直是完美的内容，如果您只给它 "dll" 文件。如果您没有并且只执行动态链接，则不需要 "lib"，也不需要 "a"。这就是为什么我只是告诉链接器使用 python37.
它实际上 smart enough 查找像 python37.lib、python37.dll & libpython37.a.
这样的文件
另请注意，"embedable zip" 只是嵌入 Python 所需的最低限度。
作为最后一条评论，与 here 所述相反，从 GCC 链接到使用 MSVS 编译的库（反之亦然）没有任何问题，只要该库使用普通C 接口，因为该接口几乎是唯一在任何给定平台的不同编译器之间兼容的接口。
这几乎就是 Python 使用 C 接口的确切原因（没有别的，甚至 C++) 用于扩展和嵌入——允许使用任何工具集以任何语言编写的代码与 Python.
交互
尝试在Win10 64位系统上用C++嵌入python3.6。
Python 由 python-3.6.1-amd64.exe 安装。
CMakeList.txt 显示在下方
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
project(EmbedPython)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp)
find_package(PythonLibs REQUIRED)
include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_executable(EmbedPython ${SOURCE_FILES} ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(EmbedPython ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
并且 CMake 找到了 Python 包。
PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR C:/Program Files (x86)/Python36/include
PYTHON_LIBRARY C:/Program Files (x86)/Python36/libs/python36.lib
Find a comment on github 说的是 API 问题。
# used to embed python script find_package(PythonLibs 2.7 REQUIRED) # this has to be 2.7 because the 3.0 API requires argv to be wchar_t** rather than the default char** include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS}) target_link_libraries( assignment ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
下面的错误是我所面临的。
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/main.cpp.obj
[100%] Linking CXX executable EmbedPython.exe
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a(main.cpp.obj): In function `main':
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:16: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_Initialize'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:17: undefined reference to `_imp__PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:20: undefined reference to `_imp__PyImport_Import'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:24: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_GetAttrString'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:27: undefined reference to `_imp__PyCallable_Check'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:28: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_New'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:30: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_FromLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:38: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_SetItem'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:40: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_CallObject'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:43: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_AsLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:49: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:55: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Occurred'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:56: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:63: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:67: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_FinalizeEx'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
mingw32-make.exe[3]: *** [EmbedPython.exe] Error 1
mingw32-make.exe[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/rule] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe: *** [EmbedPython] Error 2
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make:96: recipe for target 'EmbedPython.exe' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:66: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:78: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/rule' failed
Makefile:117: recipe for target 'EmbedPython' failed
不确定如何才能使项目 run.Any 帮助将不胜感激。
编辑：
make VERBOSE=1
D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug>make VERBOSE=1
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -HD:\Projects\EmbedPython -BD:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug --check-build-system CMakeFiles\Makefile.cmake 0
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_progress_start D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles\progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles\Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
make -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_depends "MinGW Makefiles" D:\Projects\EmbedPython D:\Projects\EmbedPython D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\DependInfo.cmake --color=
make[2]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
make -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
[ 50%] Linking CXX executable EmbedPython.exe
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\link.txt --verbose=1
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E remove -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a
C:\PROGRA~2\MINGW-~1\I686-6~1.0-P\mingw32\bin\ar.exe cr CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a @CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\objects1.rsp
C:\PROGRA~2\MINGW-~1\I686-6~1.0-P\mingw32\bin\G__~1.EXE -g -Wl,--whole-archive CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -o EmbedPython.exe -Wl,--out-implib,libEmbedPython.dll.a -Wl,--major-image-version,0,--minor-image-version,0 @CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\linklibs.rsp
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a(main.cpp.obj): In function `main':
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:16: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_Initialize'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:17: undefined reference to `_imp__PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:20: undefined reference to `_imp__PyImport_Import'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:24: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_GetAttrString'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:27: undefined reference to `_imp__PyCallable_Check'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:28: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_New'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:30: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_FromLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:38: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_SetItem'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:40: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_CallObject'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:43: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_AsLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:49: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:55: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Occurred'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:56: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:63: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:67: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_FinalizeEx'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make:97: recipe for target 'EmbedPython.exe' failed
make[2]: *** [EmbedPython.exe] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:66: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
Makefile:82: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
我遇到了同样的问题。
问题可能是因为使用 32 位 MinGW 和 64 位 Python。你应该安装 32 位版本的 python
希望对你有用:-)
我遇到了完全相同的问题，只是在尝试从 Python 手册构建 example 时使用 Python 3.7。
我的系统是64位的Windows，安装的Python是64位的3.7（来自Anaconda3），编译器是32位的MinGW 5.3.0（来自Qt 5.11).
对我有用的最简单的解决方案如下：
- 下载 Windows x86 embeddable zip file from this 页面。
- 将该存档的内容放入您正在构建的项目中的文件夹中。
- 不要不要从该存档安装任何东西，不要不要把它放在系统路径上。
- 将上述文件夹添加到gcc库搜索路径，使用：
-L"path/to/folder/" - 将 python 库添加到链接器，使用
-l"python37"（将37替换为您下载的任何版本） - 如前所述here（这很难找到！），添加一个定义，使用
-DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN=1（也可以在[=15之前写#define DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN 1=]-ing Python header，虽然我不推荐它） - 使用
-I"path/to/include"提供 Python header 的路径。我使用了 Anaconda 中的那个，例如-I"c:/Users/user/Anaconda3/include/"。任何已安装的 header 都可以，只要确保它来自相同的版本（旧 版本的 header 也可以使用，但这可能会导致破裂在 space-time 连续体中） - 确保
#include <Python.h>位于任何其他包含之前，如手册中所述。
作为旁注，MinGW 链接器 (ld) 多年来一直是完美的内容，如果您只给它 "dll" 文件。如果您没有并且只执行动态链接，则不需要 "lib"，也不需要 "a"。这就是为什么我只是告诉链接器使用 python37.
它实际上 smart enough 查找像 python37.lib、python37.dll & libpython37.a.
另请注意，"embedable zip" 只是嵌入 Python 所需的最低限度。
作为最后一条评论，与 here 所述相反，从 GCC 链接到使用 MSVS 编译的库（反之亦然）没有任何问题，只要该库使用普通C 接口，因为该接口几乎是唯一在任何给定平台的不同编译器之间兼容的接口。
这几乎就是 Python 使用 C 接口的确切原因（没有别的，甚至 C++) 用于扩展和嵌入——允许使用任何工具集以任何语言编写的代码与 Python.
交互