时区日期相关语法和语义差异

date at time zone related syntax and semantic differences

问题:查询 1 "semantically" 与查询 2 有何不同?

背景:

  1. 从位于我本地时区(AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York')的数据库中的 table 中提取数据。
  2. table有'America/Los_Angeles'、America/North_Dakota/New_Salem等各个时区的数据。 (Postgres 将 table 数据存储在我本地时区的各个时区)
  3. 因此,每次我检索本地时间以外的其他位置的数据时,我都会将其转换为相关时区以进行评估。

查询 1:

test_db=# select count(id) from click_tb where date::date AT TIME ZONE 'America/Los_Angeles' = '2017-05-22'::date  AT TIME ZONE 'America/Los_Angeles';
 count 
-------
  1001
(1 row)

查询 2:

test_db=# select count(id) from click_tb where (date AT TIME ZONE 'America/Los_Angeles')::date = '2017-05-22'::date;
 count 
-------
     5
(1 row)

Table结构:

test_db=# /d+ click_tb
                                                               Table "public.click_tb"
              Column               |           Type           |                          Modifiers                          | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
-----------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id                                | integer                  | not null default nextval('click_tb_id_seq'::regclass)       | plain    |              | 
 date                              | timestamp with time zone |                                                             | plain    |              | 

Indexes:
    "click_tb_id" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (id)
    "click_tb_date_index" btree (date)
The query 1 and query 2 do not produce consistent results.
As per my tests, the below query 3, semantically addresses my requirement.
Your critical feedback is welcome.
Query 3:
test_db=# select count(id) from click_tb where ((date AT TIME ZONE 'America/Los_Angeles')::timestamp with time zone)::date = '2017-05-22'::date;

不转换时间戳字段。相反,进行范围查询。由于您的数据已经在使用 timestamp with time zone 类型,因此只需相应地设置查询的时区。

set TimeZone = 'America/Los_Angeles';
select count(id) from click_tb
where date >= '2017-01-02'
  and date <  '2017-01-03';

请注意这是如何使用日期的半开间隔(在设置时区的一天开始时)。如果你想从你的第一个日期计算第二个日期,那么:

set TimeZone = 'America/Los_Angeles';
select count(id) from click_tb
where date >= '2017-01-02'
  and date <  (timestamp with time zone '2017-01-02' + interval '1 day');

这可以正确处理夏令时和可商价性。