为什么 select 查询行为在 where 条件下使用单引号和不使用单引号时不同

why the select query behaviour is different with single quotes in where condition and without single quotes

我在执行带单引号和不带单引号的查询时观察到不同的行为。

使用单引号 ('121') 我很快就得到了结果并且查询很好地使用了索引。但是没有单引号,查询没有使用索引并且响应时间很长。

mysql> explain  select * from tbl_n1 where id =121;
+----+-------------+----------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table                | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows   | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | tbl_n1               | ALL  | n1_id      | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 286929 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain  select * from tbl_n1 where id ='121';
+----+-------------+----------------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table                | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | tbl_n1               | ref  | n1_id       | n1_id  | 53      | const |   29 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


show create table tbl_n1\G
....
....
 `id` varchar(10)  DEFAULT NULL,
....
....
....

由于字段 id 的定义是 varchar,如果没有单引号,数据库将不得不对字段 [=] 进行 隐式转换 10=] 应用强制转换(或任何将其转换为 varchar 的函数),这将阻止使用索引 idx_1055

阅读这篇关于它的文章:Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation