如何列出 Mac 上 Python 中所有工作区的所有 windows？

Question

以下 Python 2 代码打印当前工作区中所有 windows 的列表：

#!/usr/bin/python
import Quartz
for window in Quartz.CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(Quartz.kCGWindowListOptionOnScreenOnly, Quartz.kCGNullWindowID):
    print("%s - %s" % (window['kCGWindowOwnerName'], window.get('kCGWindowName', u'Unknown').encode('ascii','ignore')))

虽然它不打印全屏应用程序（因为它在另一个工作区中）。

如何修改上述脚本以列出所有桌面的所有 windows？

Answer 1

以下脚本应 return window 任何 desktop/workspace/display 信息，全屏和详细信息（坐标、pid、标题等）：

#!/usr/bin/python

import Quartz
import time
from Quartz import CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo, kCGWindowListExcludeDesktopElements, kCGNullWindowID
from Foundation import NSSet, NSMutableSet

def windowList(wl):
    for v in wl:
        print ( 
        str(v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowOwnerPID') or '?').rjust(7) + 
            ' ' + str(v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowNumber') or '?').rjust(5) + 
            ' {' + ('' if v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowBounds') is None else ( 
                    str(int(v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowBounds').valueForKey_('X')))     + ',' + 
                    str(int(v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowBounds').valueForKey_('Y')))     + ',' + 
                    str(int(v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowBounds').valueForKey_('Width'))) + ',' + 
                    str(int(v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowBounds').valueForKey_('Height'))) 
                ) ).ljust(21) + '}' + 
            '\t[' + ((v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowOwnerName') or '') + ']') + 
            ('' if v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowName') is None else (' ' + 
            v.valueForKey_('kCGWindowName') or '')) 
        ).encode('utf8') # remove 'encode' for Python 3.x

wl1 = CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(kCGWindowListExcludeDesktopElements, kCGNullWindowID)
print('Move target window (or ignore)\n')
time.sleep(5)

print('PID'.rjust(7) + ' ' + 'WinID'.rjust(5) + '  ' + 'x,y,w,h'.ljust(21) + ' ' + '\t[Title] SubTitle')
print('-'.rjust(7,'-') + ' ' + '-'.rjust(5,'-') + '  ' + '-'.ljust(21,'-') + ' ' + '\t-------------------------------------------')

wl2 = CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(kCGWindowListExcludeDesktopElements, kCGNullWindowID)

w = NSMutableSet.setWithArray_(wl1)
w.minusSet_(NSSet.setWithArray_(wl2))

wl = Quartz.CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo( Quartz.kCGWindowListOptionAll, Quartz.kCGNullWindowID)
wl = sorted(wl, key=lambda k: k.valueForKey_('kCGWindowOwnerPID'))

windowList(wl)

print('\nDetailed window information: {0}\n'.format(w))

Answer 2

这里的关键是对 CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo 的第一个参数使用正确的选项。所以除了使用 optionOnScreenOnly property (which list all windows that are currently onscreen), excludeDesktopElements 之外还需要添加属性

excludeDesktopElements: Exclude any windows from the list that are elements of the desktop, including the background picture and desktop icons.

例如

list = CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(kCGWindowListExcludeDesktopElements | kCGWindowListOptionOnScreenOnly, kCGNullWindowID)

或者所有windows，也可以使用kCGWindowListOptionAll 属性。

kCGWindowListOptionAll: List all windows, including both onscreen and offscreen windows. When retrieving a list with this option, the relativeToWindow parameter should be set to kCGNullWindowID.

对于其他属性，请检查 CGWindow.h in CoreGraphics。

所以原代码可以改成：

#!/usr/bin/python
# Prints list of all windows.
# See: 
import Quartz
for window in Quartz.CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(Quartz.kCGWindowListOptionOnScreenOnly | Quartz.kCGWindowListExcludeDesktopElements, Quartz.kCGNullWindowID):
    print("%s - %s" % (window['kCGWindowOwnerName'], window.get('kCGWindowName', u'Unknown').encode('ascii','ignore')))

如何列出 Mac 上 Python 中所有工作区的所有 windows？

How to list all windows from all workspaces in Python on Mac?

python

macos

python-2.7

fullscreen

quartz