有没有办法在 Python 中指定条件类型提示?

Is there a way to specify a conditional type hint in Python?

假设如下代码:

from typing import Union


def invert(value: Union[str, int]) -> Union[int, str]:
    if isinstance(value, str):
        return int(value)
    elif isinstance(value, int):
        return str(value)
    else:
        raise ValueError("value must be 'int' or 'str'")

很容易看出 str 输入导致 int 输出,反之亦然。有没有办法指定 return 类型,以便它编码这种反向关系?

目前在 Python 中没有真正自然的方法来指定条件类型提示。

也就是说,在您的特定情况下,您可以使用 @overload 来表达您要执行的操作:

from typing import overload, Union

# Body of overloads must be empty

@overload
def invert(value: str) -> int: ...

@overload
def invert(value: int) -> str: ...

# Implementation goes last, without an overload.
# Adding type hints here are optional -- if they
# exist, the function body is checked against the
# provided hints.
def invert(value: Union[int, str]) -> Union[int, str]:
    if isinstance(value, str):
        return int(value)
    elif isinstance(value, int):
        return str(value)
    else:
        raise ValueError("value must be 'int' or 'str'")