在 SpatialPolygon 内部/内部计算质心

Calculate Centroid WITHIN / INSIDE a SpatialPolygon

在像 ArcMap 这样的软件中,可以在多边形 内为多边形创建质心。在如下所示的情况下,这是必要的。

R中可以用rgeos::gCentroid()计算空间多边形的质心。但是,无法强制计算多边形内的质心。

library(rgdal)
library(rgeos)

x <- readWKT("POLYGON ((1441727.5096940901130438 6550163.0046194596216083, 
             1150685.2609429201111197 6669225.7427449300885201, 
             975398.4520359700545669 6603079.7771196700632572, 
             866257.6087542800232768 6401334.5819626096636057, 
             836491.9242229099618271 6106985.0349301798269153, 
             972091.1537546999752522 5835786.5758665995672345, 
             1547561.0546945100650191 5782869.8033663900569081, 
             1408654.5268814601004124 5600968.3978968998417258, 
             720736.4843787000281736 5663807.0652409195899963, 
             598366.4479719599476084 6001151.4899297598749399, 
             654590.5187534400029108 6341803.2128998702391982, 
             869564.9070355399744585 6784981.1825891500338912, 
             1451649.4045378800947219 6788288.4808704098686576, 
             1441727.5096940901130438 6550163.0046194596216083))")
plot(x)

这是多边形x

gCentroid() 创建一个质心,在这种特定情况下,质心位于多边形之外。尽管在几何上是正确的,但一些应用程序需要多边形内的质心,因为它们可以通过 ArcMap 计算。

xCent <- gCentroid(x, byid = TRUE)
points(xCent, col = "red", pch = 16)

所需的输出(来自 ArcMap)如下所示:

有没有可能在 R 中生成像这样的质心?

编辑:

经过一些digging,ArcMap 在多边形内选择了一个随机点:

"For an input polygon: the output point will be inside the polygon."

因此问题必须是:是否有一个函数可以在多边形内的任意随机位置创建一个点?

sf解决方案

随着 sf 包的出现,事情变得简单了一些。只需使用:

library(sf)
y <- st_as_sf(x) # only necessary when you don't already have an sf object
st_point_on_surface(y)

"returns a point guaranteed to be on the (multi)surface."

sp解决方案

正如问题更新中所指出的,ArcMap 似乎只是在多边形内的随机位置放置一个点。这也可以通过 gPointsOnSurface(..., n = 1, type = 'random') 来实现。

xCent2 <- gPointOnSurface(x, byid = T)
points(xCent2, col = "blue", pch = 16)

我写了这个函数,它首先找到质心,如果它不在 之内(即它不与多边形重叠/相交),则用一个点代替在表面上。此外,它 returns 一个新列,指示一个点是否是真正的质心。

gCentroidWithin <- function(pol) {
  require(rgeos)

  pol$.tmpID <- 1:length(pol)
  # initially create centroid points with gCentroid
  initialCents <- gCentroid(pol, byid = T)

  # add data of the polygons to the centroids
  centsDF <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(initialCents, pol@data)
  centsDF$isCentroid <- TRUE

  # check whether the centroids are actually INSIDE their polygon
  centsInOwnPoly <- sapply(1:length(pol), function(x) {
    gIntersects(pol[x,], centsDF[x, ])
  })

  if(all(centsInOwnPoly) == TRUE){
        return(centsDF)
    }

  else {
    # substitue outside centroids with points INSIDE the polygon
    newPoints <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(gPointOnSurface(pol[!centsInOwnPoly, ], 
                                                        byid = T), 
                                        pol@data[!centsInOwnPoly,])
    newPoints$isCentroid <- FALSE
    centsDF <- rbind(centsDF[centsInOwnPoly,], newPoints)

    # order the points like their polygon counterpart based on `.tmpID`
    centsDF <- centsDF[order(centsDF$.tmpID),]

    # remove `.tmpID` column
    centsDF@data <- centsDF@data[, - which(names(centsDF@data) == ".tmpID")]

    cat(paste(length(pol), "polygons;", sum(centsInOwnPoly), "actual centroids;", 
              sum(!centsInOwnPoly), "Points corrected \n"))

    return(centsDF)
  }