调用模拟方法时出现 NullPointerException

NullPointerException when calling mocked method

我尝试模拟最终方法(class DataInputStream 的readChar):

MyClassTest

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(DataInputStream.class)
public class MyClassTest {

    @Test
    public void testMyMethod() throws IOException {
        DataInputStream mockStream = PowerMockito.mock(DataInputStream.class);
        Mockito.when(mockStream.readChar()).thenReturn('a');
        System.out.println(mockStream.readChar());  // OK (print 'a')
        Assert.assertEquals('a', MyClass.myMethod(mockStream));
    }
}

MyClass

public class MyClass {
    public static char myMethod(DataInputStream dis) throws IOException {
        return dis.readChar();  // NPE raises
    }
}

在 testMyMethod() 中调用模拟方法时有效,但在 myMethod() 中引发 NullPointerException,为什么?

编辑:

完整的故障跟踪:

java.lang.NullPointerException
    at java.io.DataInputStream.readChar(Unknown Source)
    at test.test.MyClass.myMethod(MyClass.java:8)
    at test.test.MyClassTest.testMyMethod(MyClassTest.java:23)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethod.invoke(TestMethod.java:59)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:310)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:79)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(MethodRoadie.java:87)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:294)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:282)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest(MethodRoadie.java:77)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:42)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.invokeTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:207)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.runMethods(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:146)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:120)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:27)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:37)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:122)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.run(JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.java:104)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.run(AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.java:53)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner.run(PowerMockRunner.java:53)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

DataInputStream 是来自 JVM 的 'system' class,它可能已经被 JVM 加载了。 @PrepareForTest 必须从方法中删除 final 修饰符(以便能够模拟),但它不能对已经加载的 classes 这样做(HotSpot JVM 不支持class 已加载的签名更改 classes),这可能就是您得到此异常的原因。

幸运的是 DataInputStream 也实现了 DataInput 接口——也许你可以尝试模拟不是 DataInputStream 而是 DataInput,为此你甚至不需要 PowerMock,只是 Mockito。

首先,此代码是一个模拟反模式:不要模拟您不拥有的类型!(参见此

其次,DataInputStream 是 class 的 JDK PowerMock 不能使用相同的 hacky classloader 修改字节码。

为此,有一个解决方案和两个可能的技巧:

  • 使用界面
  • 将调用封装在您拥有的 class 中,然后准备这个 class,记录在此处 google code,或者更好地制作您自己的可模拟 class (不需要 powermock)
  • 使用代理,记录在此处 google code

第一个选项显然是最好的,前两个选项也可以避免这种模拟反模式。