更改 grub 中的默认内核版本
Change default kernel version in grub
这是我的 arch linux 的 grub.cfg 文件的内容。
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
insmod part_gpt
insmod part_msdos
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=pt_BR
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_input console
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Arch Linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
}
submenu 'Opções avançadas para Arch Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
menuentry 'Arch Linux, com o Linux linux-lts' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-lts-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
}
menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux-lts (fallback initramfs)' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-lts-fallback-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
}
menuentry 'Arch Linux, com o Linux linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux.img
}
menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux (fallback initramfs)' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-fallback-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
我希望非 lts 版本成为默认版本,因此我不需要在打开计算机时转到“高级选项”和 select 最后一个版本。你能帮助我吗?谢谢。
您可以使用Grub Customizer 来设置默认启动项。
通过 运行
安装 Grub Customizer
# pacman -S grub-customizer
并打开它。转到选项卡 "General settings" 并设置默认条目。
在此之前,请确保您可以恢复到当前状态,以防此尝试失败。
在您的 grub.cfg 中,以 "menuentry 'Arch Linux'" 开头的部分是指向默认内核的部分。使其指向您选择的内核:
将以 "linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts..." 开头的条目更改为您的自定义内核映像(例如 "linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet" 在同一个 grub.cfg 文件中)
将条目"initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img"更改为与您的自定义内核对应的initramfs。
我想您已经有了自定义内核和相应的 initramfs。您始终可以通过 运行 # mkinitcpio -g /boot/mycustominitramfs -k /boot/mycustomkernelimage
生成 initramfs
- 确定您要使用的内核菜单条目:
$ sudo grep gnulinux /boot/grub/grub.cfg
menuentry 'Arch Linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Arch Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3' {
menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux-ck-skylake' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-ck-skylake-advanced-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3'
...
- 将
/etc/default/grub
编辑为 select 您首选的默认菜单项。您可以通过菜单条目在 GRUB 条目列表中的索引,或通过上一个命令中显示的名称来引用菜单条目。
# GRUB_DEFAULT=0 # default/first menu entry
GRUB_DEFAULT='Advanced options for Arch Linux>Arch Linux, with Linux linux-ck-skylake' # your new choice
请注意,您可以使用 >
字符访问子菜单条目,例如(0>1
对于 1. 的输出中显示的第一个子菜单,请参阅下面的 wiki 条目了解更多详细信息。)。显然,我的条目在 "advanced options" 的条目下。
- 更新 GRUB(我更喜欢易于记忆的 update-grub 软件包,这是 Debian 发行版的默认软件包):
$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
来源:The Arch Linux Wiki article on GRUB.
这是我的 arch linux 的 grub.cfg 文件的内容。
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
insmod part_gpt
insmod part_msdos
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=pt_BR
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_input console
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'Arch Linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
}
submenu 'Opções avançadas para Arch Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
menuentry 'Arch Linux, com o Linux linux-lts' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-lts-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img
}
menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux-lts (fallback initramfs)' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-lts-fallback-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux-lts...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img
}
menuentry 'Arch Linux, com o Linux linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-advanced-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux.img
}
menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux (fallback initramfs)' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-fallback-8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4
fi
echo 'Carregando o Linux linux...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet
echo 'Carregando o ramdisk inicial...'
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
我希望非 lts 版本成为默认版本,因此我不需要在打开计算机时转到“高级选项”和 select 最后一个版本。你能帮助我吗?谢谢。
您可以使用Grub Customizer 来设置默认启动项。 通过 运行
安装 Grub Customizer# pacman -S grub-customizer
并打开它。转到选项卡 "General settings" 并设置默认条目。
在此之前,请确保您可以恢复到当前状态,以防此尝试失败。
在您的 grub.cfg 中,以 "menuentry 'Arch Linux'" 开头的部分是指向默认内核的部分。使其指向您选择的内核:
将以 "linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts..." 开头的条目更改为您的自定义内核映像(例如 "linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=8fb68a6d-5088-47dc-8f9a-63e21ae275d4 rw quiet" 在同一个 grub.cfg 文件中)
将条目"initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-lts.img"更改为与您的自定义内核对应的initramfs。
我想您已经有了自定义内核和相应的 initramfs。您始终可以通过 运行 # mkinitcpio -g /boot/mycustominitramfs -k /boot/mycustomkernelimage
- 确定您要使用的内核菜单条目:
$ sudo grep gnulinux /boot/grub/grub.cfg
menuentry 'Arch Linux' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Arch Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3' {
menuentry 'Arch Linux, with Linux linux-ck-skylake' --class arch --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-linux-ck-skylake-advanced-811aabe2-ca25-4039-ae49-bd4fa1de5dc3'
...
- 将
/etc/default/grub
编辑为 select 您首选的默认菜单项。您可以通过菜单条目在 GRUB 条目列表中的索引,或通过上一个命令中显示的名称来引用菜单条目。
# GRUB_DEFAULT=0 # default/first menu entry
GRUB_DEFAULT='Advanced options for Arch Linux>Arch Linux, with Linux linux-ck-skylake' # your new choice
请注意,您可以使用 >
字符访问子菜单条目,例如(0>1
对于 1. 的输出中显示的第一个子菜单,请参阅下面的 wiki 条目了解更多详细信息。)。显然,我的条目在 "advanced options" 的条目下。
- 更新 GRUB(我更喜欢易于记忆的 update-grub 软件包,这是 Debian 发行版的默认软件包):
$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
来源:The Arch Linux Wiki article on GRUB.