Beginner Python: AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute

Beginner Python: AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute

错误说:

AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'cost' 

我正在尝试使用以下 class 处理自行车字典来进行简单的利润计算:

class Bike(object):
    def __init__(self, name, weight, cost):
        self.name = name
        self.weight = weight
        self.cost = cost

bikes = {
    # Bike designed for children"
    "Trike": ["Trike", 20, 100],
    # Bike designed for everyone"
    "Kruzer": ["Kruzer", 50, 165]
    }

当我尝试使用我的 for 语句计算利润时,出现属性错误。

# Markup of 20% on all sales
margin = .2
# Revenue minus cost after sale
for bike in bikes.values():
    profit = bike.cost * margin

首先,我不知道为什么它指的是一个列表,而且一切似乎都被定义了,不是吗?

在这样使用之前,您需要将字典的值传递给 Bike 构造函数。或者,请参阅 namedtuple -- 似乎更符合您要执行的操作。

考虑:

class Bike(object):
    def __init__(self, name, weight, cost):
        self.name = name
        self.weight = weight
        self.cost = cost

bikes = {
    # Bike designed for children"
    "Trike": Bike("Trike", 20, 100),      # <--
    # Bike designed for everyone"
    "Kruzer": Bike("Kruzer", 50, 165),    # <--
    }

# Markup of 20% on all sales
margin = .2
# Revenue minus cost after sale
for bike in bikes.values():
    profit = bike.cost * margin
    print(profit)

输出:

33.0
20.0

不同之处在于,在您的 bikes 字典中,您将值初始化为列表 [...]。相反,您的其余代码看起来需要 Bike 个实例。所以创建 Bike 个实例:Bike(...).

至于你的错误

AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'cost'

当您尝试在 list 对象上调用 .cost 时会发生这种情况。非常简单,但我们可以通过查看您调用 .cost 的位置来弄清楚发生了什么——在这一行中:

profit = bike.cost * margin

表示至少有一个bike(即bikes.values()的成员是一个列表)。如果查看定义 bikes 的位置,您会发现这些值实际上是列表。所以这个错误是有道理的。

但是由于 你的 class 有一个成本属性,看起来你试图使用 Bike 个实例作为值,所以我做了一点变化:

[...] -> Bike(...)

一切就绪。

它们是列表,因为您在字典中将它们键入为列表:

bikes = {
    # Bike designed for children"
    "Trike": ["Trike", 20, 100],
    # Bike designed for everyone"
    "Kruzer": ["Kruzer", 50, 165]
    }

你应该改用自行车-class:

bikes = {
    # Bike designed for children"
    "Trike": Bike("Trike", 20, 100),
    # Bike designed for everyone"
    "Kruzer": Bike("Kruzer", 50, 165)
    }

这将使您能够像您尝试的那样获得 bike.cost 自行车的成本。

for bike in bikes.values():
    profit = bike.cost * margin
    print(bike.name + " : " + str(profit))

现在将打印:

Kruzer : 33.0
Trike : 20.0