如何测试在 Django 中有外键的模型？

Question

我正在使用 python 3.5 和 Django 1.10 并尝试在 tests.py 中测试我的应用程序，但出现错误，它说：ValueError: Cannot assign "1": "NewsLetter.UserID" must be a "User" instance. 那么如何测试 fk这里的价值？这是代码：

class NewsletterModelTest(TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        #Set up non-modified objects used by all test methods
        NewsLetter.objects.create(NewsLetterID=1, Email='test@test.com', Connected=False,UserID=1)


    class NewsLetter(models.Model):
         NewsLetterID = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
         Email = models.CharField(max_length=255)
         Connected = models.BooleanField(default=False)
         UserID = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
         class Meta:
              db_table = 'NewsLetter'

Answer 1

在您的 setupTestData 方法中，您必须创建一个 User 对象，并将其传递给 NewsLetter 对象的创建方法。

@classmethod
def setUpTestData(cls):
    #Set up non-modified objects used by all test methods
    user = User.objects.create(<fill params here>)
    NewsLetter.objects.create(NewsLetterID=1, Email='test@test.com', Connected=False,UserID=user)

Answer 2

致降落在这里的人。

要为具有 ForeignKey 字段的模型编写测试，您需要创建 ForeignKey 指向的模型实例 ，然后在 ForeignKey 实例上调用 save()，然后将其应用于创建测试目标模型。

例如。（为简洁起见进行了简化）

class BookTestCase(TestCase):
    def test_fields_author_name(self):
        author = Author(name="Mazuki Sekida")
        author.save()
        book = Book(name="Zen Training", author=author)
        book.save()

        # assertion example ...
        record = Book.objects.get(id=1)
        self.assertEqual(record.author.name, "Mazuki Sekida")

Answer 3

与@Arpit Solanki 的回答非常相似，这是我所做的：

from datetime import date

from django.test import TestCase

from ..models import Post, Author


class PostModelTest(TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.author_ = 'Rambo'
        cls.author = Author.objects.create(name=cls.author_)
        cls.post = Post.objects.create(
            title='A test', author=cls.author, content='This is a test.', date=date(2021, 6, 16))

    def test_if_post_has_required_author(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.post.author.name, self.author_)

如何测试在 Django 中有外键的模型？

how to test a model that has a foreign key in django?

django

django-tests