将结构保存到 UserDefaults

Question

我有一个要保存到 UserDefaults 的结构。这是我的结构

struct Song {
    var title: String
    var artist: String
}

var songs: [Song] = [
    Song(title: "Title 1", artist "Artist 1"),
    Song(title: "Title 2", artist "Artist 2"),
    Song(title: "Title 3", artist "Artist 3"),
]

在另一个 ViewController 中，我有一个附加到此结构的 UIButton，例如

@IBAction func likeButtonPressed(_ sender: Any) {   
   songs.append(Song(title: songs[thisSong].title, artist: songs[thisSong].artist))
}

我想要它，以便每当用户也单击该按钮时，它会将结构保存到 UserDefaults，这样每当用户退出应用程序然后再次打开它时，它就会被保存。我该怎么做？

Answer 1

来自here:

A default object must be a property list—that is, an instance of (or for collections, a combination of instances of): NSData , NSString , NSNumber , NSDate , NSArray , or NSDictionary . If you want to store any other type of object, you should typically archive it to create an instance of NSData.

您需要使用 NSKeydArchiver。可以找到文档 here and examples here and here.

Answer 2

如果您只是想将这组歌曲保存在 UserDefaults 中，没有什么特别的，请使用：-

//stores the array to defaults
UserDefaults.standard.setValue(value: songs, forKey: "yourKey")

//retrieving the array

UserDefaults.standard.object(forKey: "yourKey") as! [Song]
//Make sure to typecast this as an array of Song

如果你存储的是一个很重的数组，我建议你使用 NSCoding 协议或者 swift 4

中的 Codable 协议

编码协议示例：-

 struct Song {
        var title: String
        var artist: String
    }

    class customClass: NSObject, NSCoding { //conform to nsobject and nscoding

    var songs: [Song] = [
        Song(title: "Title 1", artist "Artist 1"),
        Song(title: "Title 2", artist "Artist 2"),
        Song(title: "Title 3", artist "Artist 3"),
    ]

    override init(arr: [Song])
    self.songs = arr
    }

    required convenience init(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
    //decoding your array
    let songs = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "yourKey") as! [Song]

    self.init(are: songs)
    }

    func encode(with aCoder: NSCoder) {
    //encoding
    aCoder.encode(songs, forKey: "yourKey")
    }

}

Answer 3

如果结构仅包含属性列表兼容属性，我建议添加属性 propertyListRepresentation 和相应的 init 方法

struct Song {

    var title: String
    var artist: String

    init(title : String, artist : String) {
        self.title = title
        self.artist = artist
    }

    init?(dictionary : [String:String]) {
        guard let title = dictionary["title"],
            let artist = dictionary["artist"] else { return nil }
        self.init(title: title, artist: artist)
    }

    var propertyListRepresentation : [String:String] {
        return ["title" : title, "artist" : artist]
    }
}

要将歌曲数组保存到 UserDefaults 写入

let propertylistSongs = songs.map{ [=11=].propertyListRepresentation }
UserDefaults.standard.set(propertylistSongs, forKey: "songs")

读取数组

if let propertylistSongs = UserDefaults.standard.array(forKey: "songs") as? [[String:String]] {
    songs = propertylistSongs.flatMap{ Song(dictionary: [=12=]) }
}

如果 title 和 artist 永远不会发生突变，请考虑将属性声明为常量 (let)。

此答案是在 Swift 4 处于测试状态时编写的。同时符合 Codable 是更好的解决方案。

Answer 4

在 Swift 4 中，这非常简单。只需将结构标记为采用 Codable 协议，即可使您的结构可编码：

struct Song:Codable {
    var title: String
    var artist: String
}

现在让我们从一些数据开始：

var songs: [Song] = [
    Song(title: "Title 1", artist: "Artist 1"),
    Song(title: "Title 2", artist: "Artist 2"),
    Song(title: "Title 3", artist: "Artist 3"),
]

以下是将其放入 UserDefaults 的方法：

UserDefaults.standard.set(try? PropertyListEncoder().encode(songs), forKey:"songs")

下面是稍后将其取回的方法：

if let data = UserDefaults.standard.value(forKey:"songs") as? Data {
    let songs2 = try? PropertyListDecoder().decode(Array<Song>.self, from: data)
}

Answer 5

这是我在主线程UserDefaults 扩展，将get Codable 对象设置到UserDefaults

// MARK: - UserDefaults extensions

public extension UserDefaults {

    /// Set Codable object into UserDefaults
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - object: Codable Object
    ///   - forKey: Key string
    /// - Throws: UserDefaults Error
    public func set<T: Codable>(object: T, forKey: String) throws {

        let jsonData = try JSONEncoder().encode(object)

        set(jsonData, forKey: forKey)
    }

    /// Get Codable object into UserDefaults
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - object: Codable Object
    ///   - forKey: Key string
    /// - Throws: UserDefaults Error
    public func get<T: Codable>(objectType: T.Type, forKey: String) throws -> T? {

        guard let result = value(forKey: forKey) as? Data else {
            return nil
        }

        return try JSONDecoder().decode(objectType, from: result)
    }
}

Update 这是我的 UserDefaults 后台扩展 ，用于设置获取 Codable 对象用户默认值

// MARK: - JSONDecoder extensions

public extension JSONDecoder {

    /// Decode an object, decoded from a JSON object.
    ///
    /// - Parameter data: JSON object Data
    /// - Returns: Decodable object
    public func decode<T: Decodable>(from data: Data?) -> T? {
        guard let data = data else {
            return nil
        }
        return try? self.decode(T.self, from: data)
    }

    /// Decode an object in background thread, decoded from a JSON object.
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - data: JSON object Data
    ///   - onDecode: Decodable object
    public func decodeInBackground<T: Decodable>(from data: Data?, onDecode: @escaping (T?) -> Void) {
        DispatchQueue.global().async {
            let decoded: T? = self.decode(from: data)

            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                onDecode(decoded)
            }
        }
    }
}

// MARK: - JSONEncoder extensions  

public extension JSONEncoder {

    /// Encodable an object
    ///
    /// - Parameter value: Encodable Object
    /// - Returns: Data encode or nil
    public func encode<T: Encodable>(from value: T?) -> Data? {
        guard let value = value else {
            return nil
        }
        return try? self.encode(value)
    }

    /// Encodable an object in background thread
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - encodableObject: Encodable Object
    ///   - onEncode: Data encode or nil
    public func encodeInBackground<T: Encodable>(from encodableObject: T?, onEncode: @escaping (Data?) -> Void) {
        DispatchQueue.global().async {
            let encode = self.encode(from: encodableObject)

            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                onEncode(encode)
            }
        }
    }
}       

// MARK: - NSUserDefaults extensions

public extension UserDefaults {

    /// Set Encodable object in UserDefaults
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - type: Encodable object type
    ///   - key: UserDefaults key
    /// - Throws: An error if any value throws an error during encoding.
    public func set<T: Encodable>(object type: T, for key: String, onEncode: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) throws {

        JSONEncoder().encodeInBackground(from: type) { [weak self] (data) in
            guard let data = data, let `self` = self else {
                onEncode(false)
                return
            }
            self.set(data, forKey: key)
            onEncode(true)
        }
    }

    /// Get Decodable object in UserDefaults
    ///
    /// - Parameters:
    ///   - objectType: Decodable object type
    ///   - forKey: UserDefaults key
    ///   - onDecode: Codable object
    public func get<T: Decodable>(object type: T.Type, for key: String, onDecode: @escaping (T?) -> Void) {
        let data = value(forKey: key) as? Data
        JSONDecoder().decodeInBackground(from: data, onDecode: onDecode)
    }
}

Answer 6

这是一个现代 Swift 5.1 @propertyWrapper，允许以人类可读 JSON 字符串的形式存储任何 Codable 对象：

@propertyWrapper struct UserDefaultEncoded<T: Codable> {
    let key: String
    let defaultValue: T

    init(key: String, default: T) {
        self.key = key
        defaultValue = `default`
    }

    var wrappedValue: T {
        get {
            guard let jsonString = UserDefaults.standard.string(forKey: key) else {
                return defaultValue
            }
            guard let jsonData = jsonString.data(using: .utf8) else {
                return defaultValue
            }
            guard let value = try? JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: jsonData) else {
                return defaultValue
            }
            return value
        }
        set {
            let encoder = JSONEncoder()
            encoder.outputFormatting = [.prettyPrinted, .sortedKeys]
            guard let jsonData = try? encoder.encode(newValue) else { return }
            let jsonString = String(bytes: jsonData, encoding: .utf8)
            UserDefaults.standard.set(jsonString, forKey: key)
        }
    }
}

用法：

extension Song: Codable {}

@UserDefaultEncoded(key: "songs", default: [])
var songs: [Song]

func addSong(_ song: Song) {
    // This will automatically store new `songs` value 
    // to UserDefaults
    songs.append(song)
}

Answer 7

我认为将用户设置表示为可观察对象应该很常见。因此，这是一个保持可观察数据与用户默认值同步并针对 xCode 11.4 进行更新的示例。这也可以在环境对象的上下文中使用。

import SwiftUI

final class UserData: ObservableObject {

    @Published var selectedAddress: String? {
        willSet {
            UserDefaults.standard.set(newValue, forKey: Keys.selectedAddressKey)
        }
    }

    init() {
        selectedAddress = UserDefaults.standard.string(forKey: Keys.selectedAddressKey)
    }

    private struct Keys {
        static let selectedAddressKey = "SelectedAddress"
    }
}

Answer 8

Swift 5

如果您需要将 struct 保存在 UserDefault 中，仅使用 data 格式。

Smaple 结构

struct StudentData:Codable{
          
          var id: Int?
          var name: String?
          var createdDate: String?
    
      // for decode the  value
      init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let values = try? decoder.container(keyedBy: codingKeys.self)
        id = try? values?.decodeIfPresent(Int.self, forKey: .id)
        name = try? values?.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .name)
        createdDate = try? values?.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .createdDate)
      }
      
      // for encode the  value
      func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var values = encoder.container(keyedBy: codingKeys.self)
        try? values.encodeIfPresent(id, forKey: .id)
        try? values.encodeIfPresent(name, forKey: .name)
        try? values.encodeIfPresent(createdDate, forKey: .createdDate)
      }
    }

有两种类型可以转换为数据

可编码（可编码和可解码）。
PropertyListEncoder 和 PropertyListDecoder

首先我们使用Codable(Encodable and Decodable)来保存struct

保存值示例

  let value = StudentData(id: 1, name: "Abishek", createdDate: "2020-02-11T11:23:02.3332Z")
  guard let data = try? JSONEncoder().encode(value) else {
    fatalError("unable encode as data")
  }
  UserDefaults.standard.set(data, forKey: "Top_student_record")

检索值

guard let data = UserDefaults.standard.data(forKey: "Top_student_record") else {
  // write your code as per your requirement
  return
}
guard let value = try? JSONDecoder().decode(StudentData.self, from: data) else {
  fatalError("unable to decode this data")
}
print(value)

现在我们使用 PropertyListEncoder 和 PropertyListDecoder 来保存结构

保存值示例

  let value = StudentData(id: 1, name: "Abishek", createdDate: "2020-02-11T11:23:02.3332Z")
  guard let data = try? PropertyListEncoder().encode(value) else {
    fatalError("unable encode as data")
  }
  UserDefaults.standard.set(data, forKey: "Top_student_record")

检索值

  guard let data = UserDefaults.standard.data(forKey: "Top_student_record") else {
    // write your code as per your requirement
    return
  }
  guard let value = try? PropertyListDecoder().decode(StudentData.self, from: data) else {
    fatalError("unable to decode this data")
  }
  print(value)

为方便起见，您可以使用 any 类型将结构保存在 userDefault 中。

Answer 9

这是一个更简单的解决方案

@propertyWrapper
struct CodableUserDefault<Value: Codable> {
    let key: String
    let defaultValue: Value
    private let container: UserDefaults = .standard

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            guard let data = container.data(forKey: key), let object = try? JSONDecoder().decode(Value.self, from: data) else {
                return defaultValue
            }
            
            return object
        }
        set {
            container.set(try? JSONEncoder().encode(newValue), forKey: key)
        }
    }
}

用法

enum ACodableEnum: String, Codable {
   case first
   case second
}

class SomeController {

   @CodableUserDefault<ACodableEnum>(key: "key", defaultValue: .first)
    private var aCodableEnum: ACodableEnum

}

将结构保存到 UserDefaults

Save Struct to UserDefaults

ios

swift

struct

nsuserdefaults