继续出现分段错误?

Keep Getting a Segmentation Fault On This?

我在下面的代码中不断收到分段错误(核心转储)。关于为什么会发生这种情况的任何想法。该代码旨在从文本文档中读取数字,将它们转换为整数,执行基数排序,并打印出数组。

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

int getMax(int arr[], int n)
{
    int max = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] > max)
            max = arr[i];
    return max;
}

void countSort(int arr[], int n, int exp)
{
    int output[n];
    int i, count[10] = {0};
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]++;
    for (i = 1; i < 10; i++)
        count[i] += count[i - 1];
    for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        output[count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10] - 1] = arr[i];
        count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]--;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        arr[i] = output[i];
}

void radixsort(int arr[], int n)
{
    clock_t clockStart;
    clockStart = clock();

    int m = getMax(arr, n);
    for (int exp = 1; m / exp > 0; exp *= 10)
        countSort(arr, n, exp);

    cout << "\nTime taken by radix sort: " << (double)(clock() - clockStart) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl;
}

int StrToInt(string sti) 
{
    int f;
    stringstream ss(sti); //turn the string into a stream
    ss >> f;
    return f;
}

int main()
{
    int arr[10000];
    int i = 0;
    int result;
    string line = "";

    ifstream myfile;
    myfile.open("integers2.txt");
    if(myfile.is_open())
    {
        while(!myfile.eof())
        {
            getline(myfile, line);
            result = StrToInt(line);
            arr[i] = result;
            //cout<< arr[i] <<"\n";
            i++;
        }
    }


    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    radixsort(arr, n);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        cout << arr[i] << "\n";
    }

    return 0;
}

我用于输入的文本文件的内容: 1244 3455 6565 55 765 8768 687 879

你的程序有未定义的行为,因为它使用的数组条目多于你用数据初始化的条目。您传递了 n 的整个数组的长度,即使它只有一小部分,从 0i,已经被初始化。

更改代码以在读取循环中使用 n 代替 i,并将 n 原封不动地传递给排序函数。这将解决问题 (demo)。

int n = 0;
myfile.open("integers2.txt");
if(myfile.is_open()) {
    while (myfile >> arr[n]) {
        n++;
    }
}
radixsort(arr, n);

这是您的工作代码:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

int getMax(int arr[], int n)
{
    int max = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        if (arr[i] > max)
            max = arr[i];
    return max;
}

void countSort(int arr[], int n, int exp)
{
    int output[n];
    int i, count[10] = {0};
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]++;
    for (i = 1; i < 10; i++)
        count[i] += count[i - 1];
    for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        output[count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10] - 1] = arr[i];
        count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]--;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        arr[i] = output[i];
}

void radixsort(int arr[], int n)
{
    clock_t clockStart;
    clockStart = clock();

    int m = getMax(arr, n);
    for (int exp = 1; m / exp > 0; exp *= 10)
        countSort(arr, n, exp);

    cout << "\nTime taken by radix sort: " << (double)(clock() - clockStart) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl;
}

int StrToInt(string sti) 
{
    int f;
    stringstream ss(sti); //turn the string into a stream
    ss >> f;
    return f;
}

int main()
{
    const int MAX_SIZE = 10;

    int arr[ MAX_SIZE ] = { 0 };

    //int i = 0;
    //int result = 0;
    string line = "";

    ifstream myfile;
    myfile.open("integers2.txt");
    if(!myfile.is_open())
    {
        cerr << "Could not open file!\n";
        return -1;
    }

    cout << "Reading integers...\n";

    int index = 0;
    //while ( index < SIZE && getline( myfile, line ) )
    while ( index < MAX_SIZE && myfile >> arr[ index ] )
    {
        //getline( myfile, line );
        //result = StrToInt( line );
        //arr[index] = std::stoi( line );
        cout << arr[index] <<"\n";
        index++;
    }

    cout << "Sorting integers...\n";

    //int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    radixsort( arr, index );

    for ( int i = 0; i < index; i++ )
    {
        cout << arr[i] << "\n";
    }

    return 0;
}

几点:

  1. 检查 std::stoi 以进行字符串到整数的转换;顺便说一句,你不需要那样做。直接这样读就可以了:while ( file >> integer ).
  2. 需要检查文件是否打开; return否则错误;在您的情况下,即使文件未打开,其余代码仍在执行,即 if ( myfile.open() ) { ... }
  3. 之后的代码
  4. while( !myfile.eof() ) 是不好的做法。参见:Why is iostream::eof inside a loop condition considered wrong?
  5. 你不需要像int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);那样计算尺寸,因为你已经知道尺寸了。为此只需使用 const
  6. 从文件读取时,您还需要验证数组的最大大小。您应该阅读尺寸允许的尺寸。注意 out-of-bounds 读/写错误。
  7. 使用 <ctime> 而不是 <time.h>