将注册表项所有者设置为 SYSTEM 用户

Question

我必须向 Windows Defender 注册表项添加排除路径。我知道 Windows Defender 提供了 cmdlet，可以直接将它们用于此类目的。但不幸的是，在 Windows 7 和 PowerShell v2 中，它们不可用。所以我正在尝试构建一个脚本，该脚本将手动输入注册表项的值。通过在线研究，我整理了一个脚本，首先将所有者更改为管理员（因为只有 SYSTEM、WinDefend 和 TrustedInstaller 用户可以访问此密钥），然后添加值并最终将所有者设置为初始所有者（在这种情况下系统）再次。我的代码如下：

启用所需权限的代码：

Param([string]$targetPath)

function enable-privilege {
  Param(
    ## The privilege to adjust. This set is taken from
    ## http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb530716(VS.85).aspx
    [ValidateSet(
      "SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege", "SeAuditPrivilege", "SeBackupPrivilege",
      "SeChangeNotifyPrivilege", "SeCreateGlobalPrivilege", "SeCreatePagefilePrivilege",
      "SeCreatePermanentPrivilege", "SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege", "SeCreateTokenPrivilege",
      "SeDebugPrivilege", "SeEnableDelegationPrivilege", "SeImpersonatePrivilege", "SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege",
      "SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege", "SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege", "SeLoadDriverPrivilege",
      "SeLockMemoryPrivilege", "SeMachineAccountPrivilege", "SeManageVolumePrivilege",
      "SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege", "SeRelabelPrivilege", "SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege",
      "SeRestorePrivilege", "SeSecurityPrivilege", "SeShutdownPrivilege", "SeSyncAgentPrivilege",
      "SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege", "SeSystemProfilePrivilege", "SeSystemtimePrivilege",
      "SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege", "SeTcbPrivilege", "SeTimeZonePrivilege", "SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege",
      "SeUndockPrivilege", "SeUnsolicitedInputPrivilege")]
    $Privilege,
    ## The process on which to adjust the privilege. Defaults to the current process.
    $ProcessId = $pid,
    ## Switch to disable the privilege, rather than enable it.
    [Switch] $Disable
  )

  ## Taken from P/Invoke.NET with minor adjustments.
  $definition = @'
  using System;
  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

  public class AdjPriv {
    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
    internal static extern bool AdjustTokenPrivileges(IntPtr htok, bool disall,
      ref TokPriv1Luid newst, int len, IntPtr prev, IntPtr relen);

    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
    internal static extern bool OpenProcessToken(IntPtr h, int acc, ref IntPtr phtok);
    [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    internal static extern bool LookupPrivilegeValue(string host, string name, ref long pluid);
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
    internal struct TokPriv1Luid {
      public int Count;
      public long Luid;
      public int Attr;
    }

    internal const int SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED = 0x00000002;
    internal const int SE_PRIVILEGE_DISABLED = 0x00000000;
    internal const int TOKEN_QUERY = 0x00000008;
    internal const int TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES = 0x00000020;
    public static bool EnablePrivilege(long processHandle, string privilege, bool disable) {
      bool retVal;
      TokPriv1Luid tp;
      IntPtr hproc = new IntPtr(processHandle);
      IntPtr htok = IntPtr.Zero;
      retVal = OpenProcessToken(hproc, TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, ref htok);
      tp.Count = 1;
      tp.Luid = 0;
      if(disable) {
        tp.Attr = SE_PRIVILEGE_DISABLED;
      } else {
        tp.Attr = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
      }
      retVal = LookupPrivilegeValue(null, privilege, ref tp.Luid);
      retVal = AdjustTokenPrivileges(htok, false, ref tp, 0, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
      return retVal;
    }
  }
  '@

  $processHandle = (Get-Process -id $ProcessId).Handle
  $type = Add-Type $definition -PassThru
  $type[0]::EnablePrivilege($processHandle, $Privilege, $Disable)
}

我执行更改的代码部分：

function getRegKeyOwner([string]$keyPath){
    $regRights=[System.Security.AccessControl.RegistryRights]::ReadPermissions
    $permCheck=[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKeyPermissionCheck]::ReadWriteSubTree

    $Key = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine.OpenSubKey($keyPath, $permCheck, $regRights)
    $acl = $Key.GetAccessControl([System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Owner)
    $owner = $acl.GetOwner([type]::GetType([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]))
    $key.Close()
    return $owner
}

function setValueToKey([string]$keyPath, [string]$name, [System.Object]$value, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]$regValueKind){
    $regRights=[System.Security.AccessControl.RegistryRights]::SetValue
    $permCheck=[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKeyPermissionCheck]::ReadWriteSubTree

    $Key = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine.OpenSubKey($keyPath, $permCheck, $regRights)

    "Setting value with properties [name:$name, value:$value, value type:$regValueKind]"
    $Key.SetValue($name, $value, $regValueKind)
    $key.Close()
}

function changeRegKeyOwner([string]$keyPath, [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]$user){
    try {
        $regRights=[System.Security.AccessControl.RegistryRights]::TakeOwnership
        $permCheck=[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKeyPermissionCheck]::ReadWriteSubTree
        $key = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine.OpenSubKey($keyPath, $permCheck, $regRights)
        # You must get a blank acl for the key b/c you do not currently have access
        $acl = $key.GetAccessControl([System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::None)

        if([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($user)){
            $user = [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]"$env:userdomain$env:username"
        }

        "Changing owner of Registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE$keyPath to `"$user`""
        $acl.SetOwner($user)
        $key.SetAccessControl($acl)
    } catch {
        $_.Exception.toString()
        $key.Close()
        return
    }
    giveFullControlToUser -userName "$user" -key $key

    $key.Close()
}

function giveFullControlToUser([String]$userName,[Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey] $key){
    "giving full access to $userName for key $key"
    # After you have set owner you need to get the acl with the perms so you can modify it.
    $acl = $key.GetAccessControl()
    $rule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.RegistryAccessRule ($userName, "FullControl", @("ObjectInherit", "ContainerInherit"), "None", "Allow")
    $acl.SetAccessRule($rule)
    $key.SetAccessControl($acl)
}

function getAdminUser {
    $windowsKey = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows"
    return getRegKeyOwner -keyPath $windowsKey
}

enable-privilege SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege

$exclussionsPathsKey = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths"
$adminGroupName = gwmi win32_group -filter "LocalAccount = $TRUE And SID = 'S-1-5-32-544'" |
                  select -expand name

$originalOwner = getRegKeyOwner -keyPath $exclussionsPathsKey

"original Owner to the key `"$exclussionsPathsKey`" is: `"$originalOwner`""
changeRegKeyOwner -keyPath $exclussionsPathsKey -user ([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]"$adminGroupName")

if (!([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($targetPath))) {
    $valueName = $targetPath
    $vaue = 0
    $regValueKind = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord
    setValueToKey -keyPath $exclussionsPathsKey -name $valueName -value $vaue -regValueKind $regValueKind
}

changeRegKeyOwner -keyPath $exclussionsPathsKey -user $originalOwner

但在值设置部分之前，一切正常。我可以看到注册表项中的值，所有者已更改为 "Administrators" 并具有完全权限。只有当我再次尝试设置原始所有者 "SYSTEM" 时，才会出现以下异常。这是我第一次使用 PowerShell 编写脚本。而我完全无法understand/solve这个问题。顺便说一句，如果原始用户是 "SYSTEM" 以外的任何其他用户，它就可以工作。也许我在这里缺少一些必需的特权。

输出：

True
original Owner to the key "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths" is: "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
Changing owner of Registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths to "Administrators"
giving full access to Administrators for key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths
Changing owner of Registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths to "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"

System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException: Exception calling "SetAccessControl" with "1" argument(s): "The security identifier is not allowed to be the owner of this object." ---> System.InvalidOperationException: The security identifier is not allowed to be the owner of this object.
   at System.Security.AccessControl.NativeObjectSecurity.Persist(String name, SafeHandle handle, AccessControlSections includeSections, Object exceptionContext)
   at System.Security.AccessControl.NativeObjectSecurity.Persist(SafeHandle handle, AccessControlSections includeSections, Object exceptionContext)
   at System.Security.AccessControl.NativeObjectSecurity.Persist(SafeHandle handle, AccessControlSections includeSections)
   at System.Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurity.Persist(SafeRegistryHandle hKey, String keyName)
   at Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.SetAccessControl(RegistrySecurity registrySecurity)
   at SetAccessControl(Object , Object[] )
   at System.Management.Automation.MethodInformation.Invoke(Object target, Object[] arguments)
   at System.Management.Automation.DotNetAdapter.AuxiliaryMethodInvoke(Object target, Object[] arguments, MethodInformation methodInformation, Object[] originalArguments)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Management.Automation.DotNetAdapter.AuxiliaryMethodInvoke(Object target, Object[] arguments, MethodInformation methodInformation, Object[] originalArguments)
   at System.Management.Automation.ParserOps.CallMethod(Token token, Object target, String methodName, Object[] paramArray, Boolean callStatic, Object valueToSet)
   at System.Management.Automation.MethodCallNode.InvokeMethod(Object target, Object[] arguments, Object value)
   at System.Management.Automation.MethodCallNode.Execute(Array input, Pipe outputPipe, ExecutionContext context)
   at System.Management.Automation.ParseTreeNode.Execute(Array input, Pipe outputPipe, ArrayList& resultList, ExecutionContext context)
   at System.Management.Automation.StatementListNode.ExecuteStatement(ParseTreeNode statement, Array input, Pipe outputPipe, ArrayList& resultList, ExecutionContext context)

Answer 1

终于，我找到了脚本中缺少的内容。管理员用户需要额外的权限才能恢复权限。只需简单调用 enable-privilege SeRestorePrivilege 函数，然后再设置原所有者，即可为当前进程提供所需的权限。

将注册表项所有者设置为 SYSTEM 用户

Set Registry key owner to SYSTEM user

powershell

registry

access-rights

windows-security