带有 for-each 支持的自定义列表 C++

custom list with for-each support c++

首先我要为我的英语道歉。我的问题很奇怪,因为我正在尝试编写自己的 ArrayList,其外观和工作方式与 Java 中的 List 类似,我知道这就像重新发明一个轮子,但我这样做是为了好玩并更好地理解它是如何工作的。所以像 "use STL"、"use vector"、"use something else but don't create own list" 这样的每个答案都没有帮助。 所以从一开始,我就有自己的 ArrayList 模板和一些对我很重要的方法。我的 ArrayList 用作数组,我只使用可用 space 的一部分,如果我需要更多 space 我创建新的更大的数组并复制所有旧元素(我相信它在 Java ArrayList,如果我错了请告诉我)。在数组中我只存储指针。它是保存和删除已知对象的好模板,如果我只需要读取存储的数据,但是当我尝试写循环读取、检查和删除列表中的指定元素时,真正的问题出现了。我不能使用标准 for(int i=0;i

那么谁能解释一下我应该在模板中写些什么来支持每个功能。在许多例子中出现了 begin() 和 end() 函数,但没有人解释为什么这个名字,什么是 return 类型和为什么,以及这个方法应该是什么 return。这是我的模板代码,如果有问题,请告诉我。我将在我的其他应用程序中使用此代码,因为对我而言,此实现比向量更直观(我肯定太长时间使用 Java :))

template <class T> class ArrayList {

public:
    ArrayList() {
        array = new T*[1000];
        arraySize = 1000;
        n = 0;
    };

    void add(T &arg) { //add new element at end
        if (n == arraySize) {
            increase();
        }
        array[n] = &arg;
        n++;
    };

    void addAt(T &arg, unsigned int pos) { //add new element at specific position and override
        if (pos >= 0 && pos <= n) {
            if (pos == n) {
                add(arg);
            }
            else {
                array[pos] = &arg;
            }
        }
        else {
            throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
        }
    };

    void addAfter(T &arg, unsigned int pos) { //add new element between specific posittion and next element
        pos++;
        if (pos >= 0 && pos <= n) {
            if (n == arraySize) {
                increase();
            }
            for (unsigned int i = n; i > pos; i--) {
                array[i] = array[i - 1];
            }
            array[pos] = &arg;
            n++;
        }
        else {
            throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
        }
    };

    void addList(ArrayList &list) { //add 'list' at the end
        if (list.n > 0) {
            while (list.n + n > arraySize) {
                increase();
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < list.n; i++) {
                array[n] = list.array[i];
                n++;
            }
        }
    };

    void addListAfter(ArrayList &list, unsigned int pos) { //put 'list' inside list, start from 'pos'
        pos++;
        if (list.n > 0 && pos >= 0 && pos < n) {
            while (list.n + n > arraySize) {
                increase();
            }
            int m = n - 1;
            while (m >= pos && m >= 0) {
                array[m + list.n] = array[m];
                m--;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < list.n; i++) {
                array[pos + i] = list.array[i];
            }
            n += list.n;
        }
        else {
            throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
        }
    };

    void addListAfter(ArrayList &list, T &arg) { //put 'list' inside list, start after T, if T not exist 'list' will be added at the end
        addListAfter(list, getIndex(arg));
    };

    void remove(T &arg, bool all) { //remove selected element if all=true remove all instance of object otherwise remove only first
        if (all) {
            int copies = 0;
            for (int index = 0; index < n; index++) {
                if (array[index] == &arg) {
                    copies++;
                }
                else if (copies != 0) {
                    array[index - copies] = array[index];
                }
            }
            n -= copies;
            if (copies == 0) {
                throw "ArgumentNotFoundException";
            }
            while (arraySize - n >= 1000) {
                decrease();
            }
        }
        else {
            remove(getIndex(arg));
        }
    };

    void remove(unsigned int pos) { //remove element from specific position
        if (pos >= 0 && pos < n) {
            for (int i = pos; i < n - 1; i++) {
                array[i] = array[i + 1];
            }
            n--;
            if (arraySize - n >= 1000) {
                decrease();
            }
        }
        else {
            throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
        }
    };

    void removeCopy(T &arg) { //leaves only one instance of an object and remove all other
        int copies = -1;
        for (int index = 0; index < n; index++) {
            if (array[index] == &arg) {
                copies++;
            }
            else if (copies > 0) {
                array[index - copies] = array[index];
            }
        }
        n -= copies;
        if (copies == -1) {
            n--;
            throw "ArgumentNotFoundException";
        }
        while (arraySize - n >= 1000) {
            decrease();
        }
    };

    void repair() { //leaves only single instance of each object
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            removeCopy(*array[i]);
        }
    };

    void clear() { //remove all object from list
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            array[i] = NULL;
        }
        n = 0;
    };

    T* get(unsigned int pos) { //return object on selected position
        if (pos >= 0 && pos < n) {
            return array[pos];
        }
        else {
            throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
        }
    };

    unsigned int getIndex(T &arg) { //return position of selected object
        unsigned int index = 0;
        while (&arg != array[index] && index < n) {
            index++;
        }
        if (index == n) {
            throw "ArgumentNotFoundException";
        }
        return index;
    };

    ArrayList getSubList(unsigned int first, unsigned int last, bool deepCopy) { //return new list contains 'deep copy'/'copy reference' of all elements from (include) first to (include) last. If deepCopy=true function return deep copy, otherwise return copy of reference.
        if (first < last&&first >= 0 && last < n) {
            ArrayList<T> ret;
            for (unsigned int i = first; i <= last; i++) {
                if (deepCopy) {
                    ret.add(*new T(*array[i]));
                }
                else {
                    ret.add(*array[i]);
                }
            }
            return ret;
        }
        throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
    };

    unsigned int size() { //return size of list
        return n;
    };

    bool isEmpty() {
        return n == 0;
    };

    T *begin() {
        return &*array[0];
    }
    T  *end() {
        return &*array[n];
    }

private:
    unsigned int arraySize; //actual size of array
    unsigned int n; //number of elements in array
    T** array;

    void increase() { //increase size of array about 1000
        if (arraySize + 1000 <= LONG_MAX) {
            T** newArray = new T*[arraySize + 1000];
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) {
                newArray[i] = array[i];
            }
            delete[] array;
            array = newArray;
            arraySize += 1000;
        }
        else {
            throw "ArraySizeOutOfBoundException";
        }
    };

    void decrease() { //decrease size of array about 1000
        if (arraySize - 1000 > 0) {
            arraySize -= 1000;
            T** newArray = new T*[arraySize];
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) {
                newArray[i] = array[i];
            }
            delete[] array;
            array = newArray;
        }
        else {
            throw "ArraySizeOutOfBoundException";
        }
    };
};

您发布的一些答案给出了很好的解释。 beginend return 迭代器进入容器,其中 begin 指的是第一个元素,end 指的是最后一个元素之后的一个项目的位置。至于名称,它们似乎很直观。我相信这个迭代器设计被选为对指针的抽象,它具有最小的运行时成本。

我确定您在 link 的答案中看到了这个 link,但您应该参考 range-based for-loops 上的此页面。

无论如何,您似乎对数组元素与指向元素的迭代器感到困惑。有:

T **begin() {
    return &array[0];
}
T  **end() {
    return &array[n];
}

您的程序将适用于 ranged-for。您的元素类型是 T*,而不是 T