如何计算 FPGA spartan 板上的按键数
How to count pressed keys on FPGA spartan board
我正在使用 FPGA Spartan 2 开发板，想计算从键盘按下的键数
这是我的 VHDL 代码：
library ieee ;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
use ieee.numeric_std.all;
ENTITY Keyboard IS
PORT(CLOCK : IN STD_LOGIC;
RESET : IN STD_LOGIC;
RK : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 1);
DE : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 1);
Invalid_Key : OUT STD_LOGIC := '0';
Seg1 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 Downto 0);
Seg2 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 Downto 0);
LEDRow1 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 Downto 0);
LEDRow2 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 Downto 0);
Key : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(0 TO 15));
END Keyboard;
Architecture Behavier OF Keyboard IS
Signal CLK : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(23 DOWNTO 0);
Signal KC : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(1 DOWNTO 0);
Signal KEY_PUSH : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(4 DOWNTO 0);
Signal KeyTemp : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(1 TO 16) := "0000000000000000";
Signal Counter : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(4 downto 0) := "00000";
Begin
DE(3) <= '0';
DE(2 DOWNTO 1) <= KC;
KEY_PUSH <= KC & RK;
Process(KEY_PUSH)
begin
Case KEY_PUSH is
WHEN "11101" => --0
if Counter <= 15 then
Invalid_Key <= '0';
Counter <= Counter + 1;
KeyTemp(conv_integer(Counter)) <= '0';
else
Invalid_Key <= '1';
end if;
WHEN "00110" => --1
if Counter <= 15 then
Invalid_Key <= '0';
Counter <= Counter + 1;
KeyTemp(conv_integer(Counter)) <= '1';
else
Invalid_Key <= '1';
end if;
WHEN "00101" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 2
WHEN "00011" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 3
WHEN "01110" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 4
WHEN "01101" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 5
WHEN "01011" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 6
WHEN "10110" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 7
WHEN "10101" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 8
WHEN "10011" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 9
WHEN "11011" => -- #
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- #
WHEN "11110" => -- *
Invalid_Key <= '0';
KeyTemp <= "0000000000000000";
Counter <= "00000";
WHEN OTHERS =>
Invalid_Key <= '0';
End Case;
case Counter is
when "00000" => -- 0
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "00111111";
when "00001" => -- 1
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "00000110";
when "00010" => -- 2
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01011011";
when "00011" => -- 3
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01001111";
when "00100" => -- 4
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01100110";
when "00101" => -- 5
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01101101";
when "00110" => -- 6
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01111101";
when "00111" => -- 7
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "00100111";
when "01000" => -- 8
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01111111";
when "01001" => -- 9
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01101111";
when "01010" => -- 10
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "00111111";
when "01011" => -- 11
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "00000110";
when "01100" => -- 12
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01011011";
when "01101" => -- 13
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01001111";
when "01110" => -- 14
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01100110";
when "01111" => -- 15
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01101101";
when "10000" => -- 16
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01111101";
when others =>
Seg1 <= "00000000";
Seg2 <= "00000000";
end case;
LEDRow1 <= KeyTemp(1 to 8);
LEDRow2 <= KeyTemp(9 to 16);
if Counter = 16 then
Key <= KeyTemp;
end if;
End Process;
Process(CLOCK, CLK)
begin
IF (Clock'EVENT AND Clock='1') THEN
Clk <= Clk + 1;
END IF;
end Process;
Process(Reset, CLK(10))
begin
IF RESET = '1' THEN
KC <= "00";
ELSIF (CLK(10) 'EVENT AND CLK(10)='1') THEN
KC <= KC + 1;
END IF;
end Process;
END Behavier;
只能接受 1 和 0 键
我想在2个7段中显示计数器值并在两行LED矩阵中显示0和1，但是计数器有问题，我认为问题是"Key_PUSH"或"RK"当我按下一个键时会改变很多次。
如何为按下的键创建一个计数器？
您看到的效果叫做开关的"bouncing"。
您需要 "debounce" 外部输入。
如何同步外部输入
外部输入与内部时钟域不同步。因此，寄存器建立或保持时间内的信号边沿可能导致亚稳态。您需要使用同步器将您的输入同步到时钟域。 two-stage synchronizer 通常就足够了。
示例代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity synchronizer is
generic(
nr_of_stages : natural := 2
);
port(
clk : in std_logic;
asynchronous_input : in std_logic;
synchronous_output : out std_logic
);
end entity;
architecture rtl of synchronizer is
signal registers : std_logic_vector(nr_of_stages-1 downto 0);
-- no intialization as this could give a false edge further in the chain.
begin
-- build the registers
register_proc : process(clk)
begin
-- connect the registers end to end
if rising_edge(clk) then
for i in nr_of_stages-1 downto 1 loop
registers(i) <= registers(i-1);
end loop;
registers(0) <= asynchronous_input;
end if;
end process;
-- connect the output to the last register
synchronous_output <= registers(nr_of_stages-1);
end architecture;
去抖动信号
假设输入是时钟同步的（或同步的，如上所述）。您可以通过确保信号长时间稳定来消除信号抖动。 IE。按下按钮时启动计数器，并在计数器达到某个值时转发输入。
示例代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity debouncer is
generic(
clock_frequency : positive := 20e6; -- e.g. 20 MHz
settle_time : time := 100 ms
);
port(
clk : in std_logic;
input : in std_logic;
output : out std_logic
);
end entity;
architecture rtl of debouncer is
constant settle_time_in_clocks : positive := integer(real(clock_frequency) * settle_time / 1 sec); -- MHz to ms
signal timer : natural range settle_time_in_clocks-1 downto 0 := settle_time_in_clocks-1;
begin
timer_proc : process(clk)
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
if input = '0' then
-- not asserted: reset the timer and output
timer <= settle_time_in_clocks-1;
output <= '0';
elsif timer = 0 then
-- timer finished, set the output
output <= '1';
else
-- count down
timer <= timer - 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
end architecture;
如何计算按键次数
您通过检测输入的 0 到 1 转换来检测按键。
示例代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity kpcnt is
port(
clk : in std_logic;
rst : in std_logic;
input_from_debouncer : in std_logic -- assumed to be synchronous to clk
-- some output to be defined
);
end entity;
architecture rtl of kpcnt is
signal input_delay : std_logic;
signal input_rising_edge : std_logic;
use ieee.numeric_std.all;
signal kpcounter : unsigned(7 downto 0) := (others => '0');
begin
-- create delayed input signal
delay_input : process(clk)
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
input_delay <= input_from_debouncer;
end if;
end process;
-- detect 0->1 transition
input_rising_edge <= '1' when input_from_debouncer = '1' and input_delay = '0' else '0';
-- count the number of 0->1 transitions
kpcounter_proc : process(clk)
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
if rst = '1' then
kpcounter <= (others => '0');
elsif input_rising_edge = '1' then
kpcounter <= kpcounter + 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
end architecture;
链接
以下是一些包含其他示例的链接：
- Debouncing.
- This nice webpage on how to write debounce logic for an FPGA incl code。尽管我会在输入端添加一个额外的触发器以实现正确的时钟域同步。
我正在使用 FPGA Spartan 2 开发板，想计算从键盘按下的键数 这是我的 VHDL 代码：
library ieee ;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
use ieee.numeric_std.all;
ENTITY Keyboard IS
PORT(CLOCK : IN STD_LOGIC;
RESET : IN STD_LOGIC;
RK : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 1);
DE : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 DOWNTO 1);
Invalid_Key : OUT STD_LOGIC := '0';
Seg1 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 Downto 0);
Seg2 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 Downto 0);
LEDRow1 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 Downto 0);
LEDRow2 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 Downto 0);
Key : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(0 TO 15));
END Keyboard;
Architecture Behavier OF Keyboard IS
Signal CLK : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(23 DOWNTO 0);
Signal KC : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(1 DOWNTO 0);
Signal KEY_PUSH : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(4 DOWNTO 0);
Signal KeyTemp : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(1 TO 16) := "0000000000000000";
Signal Counter : STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(4 downto 0) := "00000";
Begin
DE(3) <= '0';
DE(2 DOWNTO 1) <= KC;
KEY_PUSH <= KC & RK;
Process(KEY_PUSH)
begin
Case KEY_PUSH is
WHEN "11101" => --0
if Counter <= 15 then
Invalid_Key <= '0';
Counter <= Counter + 1;
KeyTemp(conv_integer(Counter)) <= '0';
else
Invalid_Key <= '1';
end if;
WHEN "00110" => --1
if Counter <= 15 then
Invalid_Key <= '0';
Counter <= Counter + 1;
KeyTemp(conv_integer(Counter)) <= '1';
else
Invalid_Key <= '1';
end if;
WHEN "00101" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 2
WHEN "00011" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 3
WHEN "01110" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 4
WHEN "01101" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 5
WHEN "01011" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 6
WHEN "10110" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 7
WHEN "10101" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 8
WHEN "10011" =>
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- 9
WHEN "11011" => -- #
Invalid_Key <= '1'; -- #
WHEN "11110" => -- *
Invalid_Key <= '0';
KeyTemp <= "0000000000000000";
Counter <= "00000";
WHEN OTHERS =>
Invalid_Key <= '0';
End Case;
case Counter is
when "00000" => -- 0
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "00111111";
when "00001" => -- 1
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "00000110";
when "00010" => -- 2
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01011011";
when "00011" => -- 3
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01001111";
when "00100" => -- 4
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01100110";
when "00101" => -- 5
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01101101";
when "00110" => -- 6
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01111101";
when "00111" => -- 7
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "00100111";
when "01000" => -- 8
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01111111";
when "01001" => -- 9
Seg1 <= "00111111";
Seg2 <= "01101111";
when "01010" => -- 10
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "00111111";
when "01011" => -- 11
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "00000110";
when "01100" => -- 12
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01011011";
when "01101" => -- 13
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01001111";
when "01110" => -- 14
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01100110";
when "01111" => -- 15
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01101101";
when "10000" => -- 16
Seg1 <= "00000110";
Seg2 <= "01111101";
when others =>
Seg1 <= "00000000";
Seg2 <= "00000000";
end case;
LEDRow1 <= KeyTemp(1 to 8);
LEDRow2 <= KeyTemp(9 to 16);
if Counter = 16 then
Key <= KeyTemp;
end if;
End Process;
Process(CLOCK, CLK)
begin
IF (Clock'EVENT AND Clock='1') THEN
Clk <= Clk + 1;
END IF;
end Process;
Process(Reset, CLK(10))
begin
IF RESET = '1' THEN
KC <= "00";
ELSIF (CLK(10) 'EVENT AND CLK(10)='1') THEN
KC <= KC + 1;
END IF;
end Process;
END Behavier;
只能接受 1 和 0 键
我想在2个7段中显示计数器值并在两行LED矩阵中显示0和1，但是计数器有问题，我认为问题是"Key_PUSH"或"RK"当我按下一个键时会改变很多次。
如何为按下的键创建一个计数器？
您看到的效果叫做开关的"bouncing"。 您需要 "debounce" 外部输入。
如何同步外部输入
外部输入与内部时钟域不同步。因此，寄存器建立或保持时间内的信号边沿可能导致亚稳态。您需要使用同步器将您的输入同步到时钟域。 two-stage synchronizer 通常就足够了。
示例代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity synchronizer is
generic(
nr_of_stages : natural := 2
);
port(
clk : in std_logic;
asynchronous_input : in std_logic;
synchronous_output : out std_logic
);
end entity;
architecture rtl of synchronizer is
signal registers : std_logic_vector(nr_of_stages-1 downto 0);
-- no intialization as this could give a false edge further in the chain.
begin
-- build the registers
register_proc : process(clk)
begin
-- connect the registers end to end
if rising_edge(clk) then
for i in nr_of_stages-1 downto 1 loop
registers(i) <= registers(i-1);
end loop;
registers(0) <= asynchronous_input;
end if;
end process;
-- connect the output to the last register
synchronous_output <= registers(nr_of_stages-1);
end architecture;
去抖动信号
假设输入是时钟同步的（或同步的，如上所述）。您可以通过确保信号长时间稳定来消除信号抖动。 IE。按下按钮时启动计数器，并在计数器达到某个值时转发输入。
示例代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity debouncer is
generic(
clock_frequency : positive := 20e6; -- e.g. 20 MHz
settle_time : time := 100 ms
);
port(
clk : in std_logic;
input : in std_logic;
output : out std_logic
);
end entity;
architecture rtl of debouncer is
constant settle_time_in_clocks : positive := integer(real(clock_frequency) * settle_time / 1 sec); -- MHz to ms
signal timer : natural range settle_time_in_clocks-1 downto 0 := settle_time_in_clocks-1;
begin
timer_proc : process(clk)
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
if input = '0' then
-- not asserted: reset the timer and output
timer <= settle_time_in_clocks-1;
output <= '0';
elsif timer = 0 then
-- timer finished, set the output
output <= '1';
else
-- count down
timer <= timer - 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
end architecture;
如何计算按键次数
您通过检测输入的 0 到 1 转换来检测按键。
示例代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity kpcnt is
port(
clk : in std_logic;
rst : in std_logic;
input_from_debouncer : in std_logic -- assumed to be synchronous to clk
-- some output to be defined
);
end entity;
architecture rtl of kpcnt is
signal input_delay : std_logic;
signal input_rising_edge : std_logic;
use ieee.numeric_std.all;
signal kpcounter : unsigned(7 downto 0) := (others => '0');
begin
-- create delayed input signal
delay_input : process(clk)
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
input_delay <= input_from_debouncer;
end if;
end process;
-- detect 0->1 transition
input_rising_edge <= '1' when input_from_debouncer = '1' and input_delay = '0' else '0';
-- count the number of 0->1 transitions
kpcounter_proc : process(clk)
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
if rst = '1' then
kpcounter <= (others => '0');
elsif input_rising_edge = '1' then
kpcounter <= kpcounter + 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
end architecture;
链接
以下是一些包含其他示例的链接：
- Debouncing.
- This nice webpage on how to write debounce logic for an FPGA incl code。尽管我会在输入端添加一个额外的触发器以实现正确的时钟域同步。