FFmpeg：在 Windows 上使用 AMD GPU 编码 x264？
FFmpeg: Encode x264 with AMD GPU on Windows?
我目前正尝试在 Windows10 上使用 FFmpeg 在我的联想笔记本电脑上使用其内置网络摄像头录制视频。我的目标之一是将 CPU 使用率保持在最低水平可能，这就是为什么我想将 h264 编码推送到 GPU。
现在我的笔记本电脑有点棘手。因为它使用了两个 GPU。第一个 GPU 是 Intel HD 5500 图形单元，作为 CPU 的一部分。这个最适合用于办公等要求不高的应用程序，以节省能源。另一个是 AMD R5 M330，将用于游戏等图形密集型应用程序。
目前，我正在使用以下命令对 Intel HD GPU 上的网络摄像头流进行编码：
ffmpeg -f dshow -vcodec mjpeg -video_size 1280x720 -framerate 30 video="Lenovo EasyCamera":audio="Mikrofon (Realtek High Definition Audio)" -c:v h264_qsv -g 60 -q 28 -look_ahead 0 -preset:v faster -c:a aac -q:a 0.6 -r 30 output.mp4
到目前为止这确实有效，但似乎该 GPU 没有足够的功率来跟上更高比特率或大量 i 帧的帧率。视频开始缺少和跳帧。如果我使用 CPU 编码一切正常。
既然我的笔记本电脑配备了第二个 AMD GPU，功率更大，那将是一个很好的尝试在那个上编码，但我找不到任何关于如何在 [=20] 上的 AMD 硬件上编码的信息=] 10. 所以我的问题是：ffmpeg 命令看起来如何使用 AMD 硬件进行 h264 编码？
当前版本的 ffmpeg 现在支持主要 GPU 供应商的硬件编码。以下是用于 AMD 显卡的 h264_amf (H.264) 和 hevc_amf（H.265 或 HEVC）编码器的选项，取自 ffmpeg -h full:
h264_amf AVOptions:
-usage <int> E..V.... Encoder Usage (from 0 to 3) (default transcoding)
transcoding E..V.... Generic Transcoding
ultralowlatency E..V....
lowlatency E..V....
webcam E..V.... Webcam
-profile <int> E..V.... Profile (from 66 to 257) (default main)
main E..V....
high E..V....
constrained_baseline E..V....
constrained_high E..V....
-level <int> E..V.... Profile Level (from 0 to 62) (default auto)
auto E..V....
1.0 E..V....
1.1 E..V....
1.2 E..V....
1.3 E..V....
2.0 E..V....
2.1 E..V....
2.2 E..V....
3.0 E..V....
3.1 E..V....
3.2 E..V....
4.0 E..V....
4.1 E..V....
4.2 E..V....
5.0 E..V....
5.1 E..V....
5.2 E..V....
6.0 E..V....
6.1 E..V....
6.2 E..V....
-quality <int> E..V.... Quality Preference (from 0 to 2) (default speed)
speed E..V.... Prefer Speed
balanced E..V.... Balanced
quality E..V.... Prefer Quality
-rc <int> E..V.... Rate Control Method (from -1 to 3) (default -1)
cqp E..V.... Constant Quantization Parameter
cbr E..V.... Constant Bitrate
vbr_peak E..V.... Peak Contrained Variable Bitrate
vbr_latency E..V.... Latency Constrained Variable Bitrate
-enforce_hrd <boolean> E..V.... Enforce HRD (default false)
-filler_data <boolean> E..V.... Filler Data Enable (default false)
-vbaq <boolean> E..V.... Enable VBAQ (default false)
-frame_skipping <boolean> E..V.... Rate Control Based Frame Skip (default false)
-qp_i <int> E..V.... Quantization Parameter for I-Frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-qp_p <int> E..V.... Quantization Parameter for P-Frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-qp_b <int> E..V.... Quantization Parameter for B-Frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-preanalysis <boolean> E..V.... Pre-Analysis Mode (default false)
-max_au_size <int> E..V.... Maximum Access Unit Size for rate control (in bits) (from 0 to INT_MAX) (default 0)
-header_spacing <int> E..V.... Header Insertion Spacing (from -1 to 1000) (default -1)
-bf_delta_qp <int> E..V.... B-Picture Delta QP (from -10 to 10) (default 4)
-bf_ref <boolean> E..V.... Enable Reference to B-Frames (default true)
-bf_ref_delta_qp <int> E..V.... Reference B-Picture Delta QP (from -10 to 10) (default 4)
-intra_refresh_mb <int> E..V.... Intra Refresh MBs Number Per Slot in Macroblocks (from 0 to INT_MAX) (default 0)
-coder <int> E..V.... Coding Type (from 0 to 2) (default auto)
auto E..V.... Automatic
cavlc E..V.... Context Adaptive Variable-Length Coding
cabac E..V.... Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
-me_half_pel <boolean> E..V.... Enable ME Half Pixel (default true)
-me_quarter_pel <boolean> E..V.... Enable ME Quarter Pixel (default true)
-aud <boolean> E..V.... Inserts AU Delimiter NAL unit (default false)
-log_to_dbg <boolean> E..V.... Enable AMF logging to debug output (default false)
hevc_amf AVOptions:
-usage <int> E..V.... Set the encoding usage (from 0 to 3) (default transcoding)
transcoding E..V....
ultralowlatency E..V....
lowlatency E..V....
webcam E..V....
-profile <int> E..V.... Set the profile (default main) (from 1 to 1) (default main)
main E..V....
-profile_tier <int> E..V.... Set the profile tier (default main) (from 0 to 1) (default main)
main E..V....
high E..V....
-level <int> E..V.... Set the encoding level (default auto) (from 0 to 186) (default auto)
auto E..V....
1.0 E..V....
2.0 E..V....
2.1 E..V....
3.0 E..V....
3.1 E..V....
4.0 E..V....
4.1 E..V....
5.0 E..V....
5.1 E..V....
5.2 E..V....
6.0 E..V....
6.1 E..V....
6.2 E..V....
-quality <int> E..V.... Set the encoding quality (from 0 to 10) (default speed)
balanced E..V....
speed E..V....
quality E..V....
-rc <int> E..V.... Set the rate control mode (from -1 to 3) (default -1)
cqp E..V.... Constant Quantization Parameter
cbr E..V.... Constant Bitrate
vbr_peak E..V.... Peak Contrained Variable Bitrate
vbr_latency E..V.... Latency Constrained Variable Bitrate
-header_insertion_mode <int> E..V.... Set header insertion mode (from 0 to 2) (default none)
none E..V....
gop E..V....
idr E..V....
-gops_per_idr <int> E..V.... GOPs per IDR 0-no IDR will be inserted (from 0 to INT_MAX) (default 60)
-preanalysis <boolean> E..V.... Enable preanalysis (default false)
-vbaq <boolean> E..V.... Enable VBAQ (default false)
-enforce_hrd <boolean> E..V.... Enforce HRD (default false)
-filler_data <boolean> E..V.... Filler Data Enable (default false)
-max_au_size <int> E..V.... Maximum Access Unit Size for rate control (in bits) (from 0 to INT_MAX) (default 0)
-min_qp_i <int> E..V.... min quantization parameter for I-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-max_qp_i <int> E..V.... max quantization parameter for I-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-min_qp_p <int> E..V.... min quantization parameter for P-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-max_qp_p <int> E..V.... max quantization parameter for P-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-qp_p <int> E..V.... quantization parameter for P-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-qp_i <int> E..V.... quantization parameter for I-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-skip_frame <boolean> E..V.... Rate Control Based Frame Skip (default false)
-me_half_pel <boolean> E..V.... Enable ME Half Pixel (default true)
-me_quarter_pel <boolean> E..V.... Enable ME Quarter Pixel (default true)
-aud <boolean> E..V.... Inserts AU Delimiter NAL unit (default false)
-log_to_dbg <boolean> E..V.... Enable AMF logging to debug output (default false)
例如，ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v hevc_amf -rc cqp -qp_p 0 -qp_i 0 -c:a copy output.mkv 将是无损的。请注意，虽然速度更快，但文件大小将明显大于 libx264 或 libx265，以获得相同的质量 - 这就是硬件编码器目前的情况。您可能希望使用硬件编码器进行无损录制以提高速度，然后使用软件编码器（如 libx264 或 libx265）来减小文件大小。
我目前正尝试在 Windows10 上使用 FFmpeg 在我的联想笔记本电脑上使用其内置网络摄像头录制视频。我的目标之一是将 CPU 使用率保持在最低水平可能，这就是为什么我想将 h264 编码推送到 GPU。 现在我的笔记本电脑有点棘手。因为它使用了两个 GPU。第一个 GPU 是 Intel HD 5500 图形单元，作为 CPU 的一部分。这个最适合用于办公等要求不高的应用程序，以节省能源。另一个是 AMD R5 M330，将用于游戏等图形密集型应用程序。
目前，我正在使用以下命令对 Intel HD GPU 上的网络摄像头流进行编码：
ffmpeg -f dshow -vcodec mjpeg -video_size 1280x720 -framerate 30 video="Lenovo EasyCamera":audio="Mikrofon (Realtek High Definition Audio)" -c:v h264_qsv -g 60 -q 28 -look_ahead 0 -preset:v faster -c:a aac -q:a 0.6 -r 30 output.mp4
到目前为止这确实有效，但似乎该 GPU 没有足够的功率来跟上更高比特率或大量 i 帧的帧率。视频开始缺少和跳帧。如果我使用 CPU 编码一切正常。
既然我的笔记本电脑配备了第二个 AMD GPU，功率更大，那将是一个很好的尝试在那个上编码，但我找不到任何关于如何在 [=20] 上的 AMD 硬件上编码的信息=] 10. 所以我的问题是：ffmpeg 命令看起来如何使用 AMD 硬件进行 h264 编码？
当前版本的 ffmpeg 现在支持主要 GPU 供应商的硬件编码。以下是用于 AMD 显卡的 h264_amf (H.264) 和 hevc_amf（H.265 或 HEVC）编码器的选项，取自 ffmpeg -h full:
h264_amf AVOptions:
-usage <int> E..V.... Encoder Usage (from 0 to 3) (default transcoding)
transcoding E..V.... Generic Transcoding
ultralowlatency E..V....
lowlatency E..V....
webcam E..V.... Webcam
-profile <int> E..V.... Profile (from 66 to 257) (default main)
main E..V....
high E..V....
constrained_baseline E..V....
constrained_high E..V....
-level <int> E..V.... Profile Level (from 0 to 62) (default auto)
auto E..V....
1.0 E..V....
1.1 E..V....
1.2 E..V....
1.3 E..V....
2.0 E..V....
2.1 E..V....
2.2 E..V....
3.0 E..V....
3.1 E..V....
3.2 E..V....
4.0 E..V....
4.1 E..V....
4.2 E..V....
5.0 E..V....
5.1 E..V....
5.2 E..V....
6.0 E..V....
6.1 E..V....
6.2 E..V....
-quality <int> E..V.... Quality Preference (from 0 to 2) (default speed)
speed E..V.... Prefer Speed
balanced E..V.... Balanced
quality E..V.... Prefer Quality
-rc <int> E..V.... Rate Control Method (from -1 to 3) (default -1)
cqp E..V.... Constant Quantization Parameter
cbr E..V.... Constant Bitrate
vbr_peak E..V.... Peak Contrained Variable Bitrate
vbr_latency E..V.... Latency Constrained Variable Bitrate
-enforce_hrd <boolean> E..V.... Enforce HRD (default false)
-filler_data <boolean> E..V.... Filler Data Enable (default false)
-vbaq <boolean> E..V.... Enable VBAQ (default false)
-frame_skipping <boolean> E..V.... Rate Control Based Frame Skip (default false)
-qp_i <int> E..V.... Quantization Parameter for I-Frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-qp_p <int> E..V.... Quantization Parameter for P-Frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-qp_b <int> E..V.... Quantization Parameter for B-Frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-preanalysis <boolean> E..V.... Pre-Analysis Mode (default false)
-max_au_size <int> E..V.... Maximum Access Unit Size for rate control (in bits) (from 0 to INT_MAX) (default 0)
-header_spacing <int> E..V.... Header Insertion Spacing (from -1 to 1000) (default -1)
-bf_delta_qp <int> E..V.... B-Picture Delta QP (from -10 to 10) (default 4)
-bf_ref <boolean> E..V.... Enable Reference to B-Frames (default true)
-bf_ref_delta_qp <int> E..V.... Reference B-Picture Delta QP (from -10 to 10) (default 4)
-intra_refresh_mb <int> E..V.... Intra Refresh MBs Number Per Slot in Macroblocks (from 0 to INT_MAX) (default 0)
-coder <int> E..V.... Coding Type (from 0 to 2) (default auto)
auto E..V.... Automatic
cavlc E..V.... Context Adaptive Variable-Length Coding
cabac E..V.... Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
-me_half_pel <boolean> E..V.... Enable ME Half Pixel (default true)
-me_quarter_pel <boolean> E..V.... Enable ME Quarter Pixel (default true)
-aud <boolean> E..V.... Inserts AU Delimiter NAL unit (default false)
-log_to_dbg <boolean> E..V.... Enable AMF logging to debug output (default false)
hevc_amf AVOptions:
-usage <int> E..V.... Set the encoding usage (from 0 to 3) (default transcoding)
transcoding E..V....
ultralowlatency E..V....
lowlatency E..V....
webcam E..V....
-profile <int> E..V.... Set the profile (default main) (from 1 to 1) (default main)
main E..V....
-profile_tier <int> E..V.... Set the profile tier (default main) (from 0 to 1) (default main)
main E..V....
high E..V....
-level <int> E..V.... Set the encoding level (default auto) (from 0 to 186) (default auto)
auto E..V....
1.0 E..V....
2.0 E..V....
2.1 E..V....
3.0 E..V....
3.1 E..V....
4.0 E..V....
4.1 E..V....
5.0 E..V....
5.1 E..V....
5.2 E..V....
6.0 E..V....
6.1 E..V....
6.2 E..V....
-quality <int> E..V.... Set the encoding quality (from 0 to 10) (default speed)
balanced E..V....
speed E..V....
quality E..V....
-rc <int> E..V.... Set the rate control mode (from -1 to 3) (default -1)
cqp E..V.... Constant Quantization Parameter
cbr E..V.... Constant Bitrate
vbr_peak E..V.... Peak Contrained Variable Bitrate
vbr_latency E..V.... Latency Constrained Variable Bitrate
-header_insertion_mode <int> E..V.... Set header insertion mode (from 0 to 2) (default none)
none E..V....
gop E..V....
idr E..V....
-gops_per_idr <int> E..V.... GOPs per IDR 0-no IDR will be inserted (from 0 to INT_MAX) (default 60)
-preanalysis <boolean> E..V.... Enable preanalysis (default false)
-vbaq <boolean> E..V.... Enable VBAQ (default false)
-enforce_hrd <boolean> E..V.... Enforce HRD (default false)
-filler_data <boolean> E..V.... Filler Data Enable (default false)
-max_au_size <int> E..V.... Maximum Access Unit Size for rate control (in bits) (from 0 to INT_MAX) (default 0)
-min_qp_i <int> E..V.... min quantization parameter for I-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-max_qp_i <int> E..V.... max quantization parameter for I-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-min_qp_p <int> E..V.... min quantization parameter for P-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-max_qp_p <int> E..V.... max quantization parameter for P-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-qp_p <int> E..V.... quantization parameter for P-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-qp_i <int> E..V.... quantization parameter for I-frame (from -1 to 51) (default -1)
-skip_frame <boolean> E..V.... Rate Control Based Frame Skip (default false)
-me_half_pel <boolean> E..V.... Enable ME Half Pixel (default true)
-me_quarter_pel <boolean> E..V.... Enable ME Quarter Pixel (default true)
-aud <boolean> E..V.... Inserts AU Delimiter NAL unit (default false)
-log_to_dbg <boolean> E..V.... Enable AMF logging to debug output (default false)
例如，ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v hevc_amf -rc cqp -qp_p 0 -qp_i 0 -c:a copy output.mkv 将是无损的。请注意，虽然速度更快，但文件大小将明显大于 libx264 或 libx265，以获得相同的质量 - 这就是硬件编码器目前的情况。您可能希望使用硬件编码器进行无损录制以提高速度，然后使用软件编码器（如 libx264 或 libx265）来减小文件大小。