Async/Await ForEach 循环中的 Node-Postgres 查询
Async/Await Node-Postgres Queries Within ForEach Loops
编辑:我正在使用节点 v8.0.0
我刚开始学习如何使用 node-postgres 访问 SQL 数据库,但我在访问多个数据库以收集可用格式的数据时遇到了一些麻烦,尤其是在执行多个数据库时forEach 循环中的查询。尝试几次后,我正在尝试 async/await,但出现以下错误:
await client.connect()
^^^^^^
SyntaxError: Unexpected identifier
当我尝试使用池或按顺序调用 .query 时,我会得到类似
的结果
1
[]
could not connect to postgres Error: Connection terminated
这是我的代码的简化版本:
const { Client } = require('pg');
const moment = require('moment');
const _ = require('lodash');
const turf = require('@turf/turf');
const connString = // connection string
var collected = []
const CID = 300
const snaptimes = // array of times
var counter=0;
const client = new Client(connString);
function createArray(i,j) {
// return array of i arrays of length j
}
await client.connect()
snaptimes.forEach(function(snaptime){
var info = {}; // an object of objects
// get information at given snaptime from database 1
const query1 = // parametrized query selecting two columns from database 1
const result1 = await client.query(query1, [CID,snaptime]);
var x = result1.rows;
for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
// store data from database 1 into info
// each row is an object with two fields
}
// line up subjects on the hole
const query2 = // parametrized query grabbing JSON string from database 2
const result2 = await client.query(query2, [CID,snaptime]);
const raw = result2.rows[0].JSON_col;
const line = createArray(19,0); // an array of 19 empty arrays
for (var i = 0; i < raw.length; i++) {
// parse JSON object and record data into line
}
// begin to collect data
var n = 0;
var g = 0;
// walk down the line
for (var i = 18; i > 0; i--) {
// if no subjects are found at spot i, do nothing, except maybe update g
if ((line[i] === undefined || line[i].length == 0) && g == 0){
g = i;
} else if (line[i] !== undefined && line[i].length != 0) {
// collect data for each subject if subjects are found
line[i].forEach(function(subject){
const query 3 = // parametrized query grabbing data for each subject
const result3 = await client.query(query3,[CID,subject,snaptime]);
x = result3.rows;
const y = moment(x[0].end_time).diff(moment(snaptime),'minutes');
var yhat = 0;
// the summation over info depends on g
if (g===0){
for (var j = i; j <= 18; j++){
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field1).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
}
} else {
for (var j = i; j <= 18; j++){
if (i<j && j<g+1) {
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field2).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
} else {
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field1).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
}
}
}
collected.push([y,yhat,n,i]);
});
}
n+=line[i].length;
g=0;
}
// really rough work-around I once used for printing results after a forEach of queries
counter++;
if (counter===snaptimes.length){
console.log(counter);
console.log(collected);
client.end();
}
});
问题是由于您的 forEach 回调不是 async
:
snaptimes.forEach(function(snaptime){
应该是:
snaptimes.forEach(async function (snaptime) {
让 await
完全可以识别。
请记住,async
函数 returns 立即和它 returns 最终由 async
函数的 return
语句解决的承诺(或因 async
函数内引发的未捕获异常而被拒绝)。
但还要确保您的 Node 版本支持 async
/await
:
- 从 Node 7.6 开始,它可以在没有
--harmony
标志的情况下使用。
- 在 7.6 之前的节点 7.x 中,您必须使用
--harmony
标志。
- 在 7.0 之前的 Node 中不可用。
参见:http://node.green/#ES2017-features-async-functions
另请注意,您只能在使用 async
关键字声明的函数内部使用 await
。如果你想在脚本或模块的顶层使用它,那么你需要将它包装在一个立即调用的函数表达式中:
// cannot use await here
(async () => {
// can use await here
})();
// cannot use await here
示例:
const f = () => new Promise(r => setTimeout(() => r('x'), 500));
let x = await f();
console.log(x);
打印:
$ node t1.js
/home/rsp/node/test/prom-async/t1.js:3
let x = await f();
^
SyntaxError: Unexpected identifier
但是这个:
const f = () => new Promise(r => setTimeout(() => r('x'), 500));
(async () => {
let x = await f();
console.log(x);
})();
打印:
$ node t2.js
x
延迟 0.5 秒后,符合预期。
在不支持 async
/await
的 Node 版本上,第一个(不正确的)示例将打印:
$ ~/opt/node-v6.7.0/bin/node t1.js
/home/rsp/node/test/prom-async/t1.js:3
let x = await f();
^
SyntaxError: Unexpected identifier
第二个(正确的)示例将打印不同的错误:
$ ~/opt/node-v6.7.0/bin/node t2.js
/home/rsp/node/test/prom-async/t2.js:3
(async () => {
^
SyntaxError: Unexpected token (
知道这一点很有用,因为不支持 async
/await
的 Node 版本不会给你一个像 "async/await not supported" 或类似的有意义的错误,不幸的是。
确保您应该在外部使用 async
块,例如:
async function() {
return await Promise.resolve('')
}
并且node 7.6.0之后默认支持。在 7.6.0 之前,你应该使用 --harmony
选项来工作。
node -v
先检查一下你的版本。
首先,你对async-await还不够了解。别担心,其实很简单;但是你需要阅读文档才能使用这些东西。
更重要的是,您的代码的问题是您只能在 async
函数中使用 await
;您在 any 函数之外执行此操作。
首先,这是最接近您编写的代码的解决方案:
const { Client } = require('pg');
const moment = require('moment');
const _ = require('lodash');
const turf = require('@turf/turf');
const connString = // connection string
var collected = []
const CID = 300
const snaptimes = // array of times
var counter=0;
const client = new Client(connString);
function createArray(i,j) {
// return array of i arrays of length j
}
async function processSnaptime (snaptime) {
var info = {}; // an object of objects
// get information at given snaptime from database 1
const query1 = // parametrized query selecting two columns from database 1
const result1 = await client.query(query1, [CID,snaptime]);
var x = result1.rows;
for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
// store data from database 1 into info
// each row is an object with two fields
}
// line up subjects on the hole
const query2 = // parametrized query grabbing JSON string from database 2
const result2 = await client.query(query2, [CID,snaptime]);
const raw = result2.rows[0].JSON_col;
const line = createArray(19,0); // an array of 19 empty arrays
for (var i = 0; i < raw.length; i++) {
// parse JSON object and record data into line
}
// begin to collect data
var n = 0;
var g = 0;
// walk down the line
for (var i = 18; i > 0; i--) {
// if no subjects are found at spot i, do nothing, except maybe update g
if ((line[i] === undefined || line[i].length == 0) && g == 0){
g = i;
} else if (line[i] !== undefined && line[i].length != 0) {
// collect data for each subject if subjects are found
line[i].forEach(function(subject){
const query 3 = // parametrized query grabbing data for each subject
const result3 = await client.query(query3,[CID,subject,snaptime]);
x = result3.rows;
const y = moment(x[0].end_time).diff(moment(snaptime),'minutes');
var yhat = 0;
// the summation over info depends on g
if (g===0){
for (var j = i; j <= 18; j++){
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field1).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
}
} else {
for (var j = i; j <= 18; j++){
if (i<j && j<g+1) {
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field2).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
} else {
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field1).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
}
}
}
collected.push([y,yhat,n,i]);
});
}
n+=line[i].length;
g=0;
}
// really rough work-around I once used for printing results after a forEach of queries
counter++;
if (counter===snaptimes.length){
console.log(counter);
console.log(collected);
}
}
async function run () {
for (let snaptime of snaptimes) {
await processSnaptime(snaptime);
}
}
/* to run all of them concurrently:
function run () {
let procs = [];
for (let snaptime of snaptimes) {
procs.push(processSnaptime(snaptime));
}
return Promise.all(procs);
}
*/
client.connect().then(run).then(() => client.end());
client.connect
returns 一个承诺,我使用 then
在它解决后调用 run
。当那个部分结束后,client.end()
就可以安全调用了。
run
是一个 async
函数,因此它可以使用 await
使代码更具可读性。 processSnaptime
.
也是如此
当然我不能运行你的代码,所以我只能希望我没有犯任何错误。
编辑:我正在使用节点 v8.0.0
我刚开始学习如何使用 node-postgres 访问 SQL 数据库,但我在访问多个数据库以收集可用格式的数据时遇到了一些麻烦,尤其是在执行多个数据库时forEach 循环中的查询。尝试几次后,我正在尝试 async/await,但出现以下错误:
await client.connect()
^^^^^^
SyntaxError: Unexpected identifier
当我尝试使用池或按顺序调用 .query 时,我会得到类似
的结果1
[]
could not connect to postgres Error: Connection terminated
这是我的代码的简化版本:
const { Client } = require('pg');
const moment = require('moment');
const _ = require('lodash');
const turf = require('@turf/turf');
const connString = // connection string
var collected = []
const CID = 300
const snaptimes = // array of times
var counter=0;
const client = new Client(connString);
function createArray(i,j) {
// return array of i arrays of length j
}
await client.connect()
snaptimes.forEach(function(snaptime){
var info = {}; // an object of objects
// get information at given snaptime from database 1
const query1 = // parametrized query selecting two columns from database 1
const result1 = await client.query(query1, [CID,snaptime]);
var x = result1.rows;
for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
// store data from database 1 into info
// each row is an object with two fields
}
// line up subjects on the hole
const query2 = // parametrized query grabbing JSON string from database 2
const result2 = await client.query(query2, [CID,snaptime]);
const raw = result2.rows[0].JSON_col;
const line = createArray(19,0); // an array of 19 empty arrays
for (var i = 0; i < raw.length; i++) {
// parse JSON object and record data into line
}
// begin to collect data
var n = 0;
var g = 0;
// walk down the line
for (var i = 18; i > 0; i--) {
// if no subjects are found at spot i, do nothing, except maybe update g
if ((line[i] === undefined || line[i].length == 0) && g == 0){
g = i;
} else if (line[i] !== undefined && line[i].length != 0) {
// collect data for each subject if subjects are found
line[i].forEach(function(subject){
const query 3 = // parametrized query grabbing data for each subject
const result3 = await client.query(query3,[CID,subject,snaptime]);
x = result3.rows;
const y = moment(x[0].end_time).diff(moment(snaptime),'minutes');
var yhat = 0;
// the summation over info depends on g
if (g===0){
for (var j = i; j <= 18; j++){
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field1).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
}
} else {
for (var j = i; j <= 18; j++){
if (i<j && j<g+1) {
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field2).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
} else {
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field1).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
}
}
}
collected.push([y,yhat,n,i]);
});
}
n+=line[i].length;
g=0;
}
// really rough work-around I once used for printing results after a forEach of queries
counter++;
if (counter===snaptimes.length){
console.log(counter);
console.log(collected);
client.end();
}
});
问题是由于您的 forEach 回调不是 async
:
snaptimes.forEach(function(snaptime){
应该是:
snaptimes.forEach(async function (snaptime) {
让 await
完全可以识别。
请记住,async
函数 returns 立即和它 returns 最终由 async
函数的 return
语句解决的承诺(或因 async
函数内引发的未捕获异常而被拒绝)。
但还要确保您的 Node 版本支持 async
/await
:
- 从 Node 7.6 开始,它可以在没有
--harmony
标志的情况下使用。 - 在 7.6 之前的节点 7.x 中,您必须使用
--harmony
标志。 - 在 7.0 之前的 Node 中不可用。
参见:http://node.green/#ES2017-features-async-functions
另请注意,您只能在使用 async
关键字声明的函数内部使用 await
。如果你想在脚本或模块的顶层使用它,那么你需要将它包装在一个立即调用的函数表达式中:
// cannot use await here
(async () => {
// can use await here
})();
// cannot use await here
示例:
const f = () => new Promise(r => setTimeout(() => r('x'), 500));
let x = await f();
console.log(x);
打印:
$ node t1.js
/home/rsp/node/test/prom-async/t1.js:3
let x = await f();
^
SyntaxError: Unexpected identifier
但是这个:
const f = () => new Promise(r => setTimeout(() => r('x'), 500));
(async () => {
let x = await f();
console.log(x);
})();
打印:
$ node t2.js
x
延迟 0.5 秒后,符合预期。
在不支持 async
/await
的 Node 版本上,第一个(不正确的)示例将打印:
$ ~/opt/node-v6.7.0/bin/node t1.js
/home/rsp/node/test/prom-async/t1.js:3
let x = await f();
^
SyntaxError: Unexpected identifier
第二个(正确的)示例将打印不同的错误:
$ ~/opt/node-v6.7.0/bin/node t2.js
/home/rsp/node/test/prom-async/t2.js:3
(async () => {
^
SyntaxError: Unexpected token (
知道这一点很有用,因为不支持 async
/await
的 Node 版本不会给你一个像 "async/await not supported" 或类似的有意义的错误,不幸的是。
确保您应该在外部使用 async
块,例如:
async function() {
return await Promise.resolve('')
}
并且node 7.6.0之后默认支持。在 7.6.0 之前,你应该使用 --harmony
选项来工作。
node -v
先检查一下你的版本。
首先,你对async-await还不够了解。别担心,其实很简单;但是你需要阅读文档才能使用这些东西。
更重要的是,您的代码的问题是您只能在 async
函数中使用 await
;您在 any 函数之外执行此操作。
首先,这是最接近您编写的代码的解决方案:
const { Client } = require('pg');
const moment = require('moment');
const _ = require('lodash');
const turf = require('@turf/turf');
const connString = // connection string
var collected = []
const CID = 300
const snaptimes = // array of times
var counter=0;
const client = new Client(connString);
function createArray(i,j) {
// return array of i arrays of length j
}
async function processSnaptime (snaptime) {
var info = {}; // an object of objects
// get information at given snaptime from database 1
const query1 = // parametrized query selecting two columns from database 1
const result1 = await client.query(query1, [CID,snaptime]);
var x = result1.rows;
for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
// store data from database 1 into info
// each row is an object with two fields
}
// line up subjects on the hole
const query2 = // parametrized query grabbing JSON string from database 2
const result2 = await client.query(query2, [CID,snaptime]);
const raw = result2.rows[0].JSON_col;
const line = createArray(19,0); // an array of 19 empty arrays
for (var i = 0; i < raw.length; i++) {
// parse JSON object and record data into line
}
// begin to collect data
var n = 0;
var g = 0;
// walk down the line
for (var i = 18; i > 0; i--) {
// if no subjects are found at spot i, do nothing, except maybe update g
if ((line[i] === undefined || line[i].length == 0) && g == 0){
g = i;
} else if (line[i] !== undefined && line[i].length != 0) {
// collect data for each subject if subjects are found
line[i].forEach(function(subject){
const query 3 = // parametrized query grabbing data for each subject
const result3 = await client.query(query3,[CID,subject,snaptime]);
x = result3.rows;
const y = moment(x[0].end_time).diff(moment(snaptime),'minutes');
var yhat = 0;
// the summation over info depends on g
if (g===0){
for (var j = i; j <= 18; j++){
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field1).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
}
} else {
for (var j = i; j <= 18; j++){
if (i<j && j<g+1) {
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field2).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
} else {
yhat = moment.duration(info[j].field1).add(yhat,'m').asMinutes();
}
}
}
collected.push([y,yhat,n,i]);
});
}
n+=line[i].length;
g=0;
}
// really rough work-around I once used for printing results after a forEach of queries
counter++;
if (counter===snaptimes.length){
console.log(counter);
console.log(collected);
}
}
async function run () {
for (let snaptime of snaptimes) {
await processSnaptime(snaptime);
}
}
/* to run all of them concurrently:
function run () {
let procs = [];
for (let snaptime of snaptimes) {
procs.push(processSnaptime(snaptime));
}
return Promise.all(procs);
}
*/
client.connect().then(run).then(() => client.end());
client.connect
returns 一个承诺,我使用 then
在它解决后调用 run
。当那个部分结束后,client.end()
就可以安全调用了。
run
是一个 async
函数,因此它可以使用 await
使代码更具可读性。 processSnaptime
.
当然我不能运行你的代码,所以我只能希望我没有犯任何错误。