用户注销/登录后创建托盘图标时出现罕见错误

Question

我创建了一个系统托盘图标：

BOOL TrayMessage(HWND hWnd, DWORD dwMessage)
{
    NOTIFYICONDATA nid;
    nid.cbSize = sizeof(nid);
    nid.hWnd = hWnd;
    nid.uID = 1;
    nid.uFlags = NIF_ICON | NIF_MESSAGE | NIF_TIP;
    nid.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MYAPP));
    lstrcpy(nid.szTip, L"MyApp");
    nid.uCallbackMessage = WM_NOTIFYICON;
    return Shell_NotifyIcon(dwMessage, &nid);
}

应用启动时/创建 window 时：

case WM_CREATE:
    if (!TrayMessage(hWnd, NIM_ADD))
        MessageBox(hMainWnd, L"Tray error.", 0, 0);

此错误消息框：

正常启动 .exe 时从未发生过。
仅在用户注销/用户重新登录后发生，平均每 5 次启动一次（我的应用程序在每次会话启动时自动启动任务计划任务)

当然发生错误时，任务栏中不显示图标。

可能是什么原因？

系统托盘系统还没有准备好（在用户注销/再次登录后很短的时间内）？
任务栏本身还没有准备好吗？
我是否应该将作品移到 WM_CREATE 之外的某个地方？

编辑：在@RbMm 的评论之后，我尝试了这个：

case WM_CREATE:
    TrayMessage(hWnd, NIM_ADD);
    // I removed MessageBox(...) from here
    uTaskbarRestart = RegisterWindowMessage(TEXT("TaskbarCreated"));
    ... 
    break;

default:
    if (message == uTaskbarRestart)
    {
        TrayMessage(hWnd, NIM_ADD);
        MessageBox(hMainWnd, L"TaskbarRestart", 0, 0);
    }

本次测试结果：托盘图标显示失败的情况正好 MessageBoxTaskbarRestart不显示的情况，即TaskbarRestart时事件永远不会进入消息循环...这很奇怪...

注意：这只会在用户注销/重新登录后发生。

Answer 1

当前版本的 MSDN Shell_NotifyIcon 不再显示它（真可惜！），但幸运的是，有一个 archived version here 提供了两个有趣的信息：

1.

Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE otherwise. [...] You can call GetLastError for more specific information about a failure case. The most common cause of failure is that the taskbar window doesn't exist or is unresponsive. GetLastError in that case returns E_FILE_NOT_FOUND.

2.

Handling Shell_NotifyIcon failure
Shell_NotifyIcon will often fail when called during Windows startup (for instance, if your application is listed in HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run. This appears to be because the system is busy starting applications. The failure is more common on low-spec computers or computers with some brands of antivirus software installed, which seem to be very intensive at startup.

Unfortunately, you cannot rely on the error code returned by GetLastError. When Shell_NotifyIcon returns false, some of the common errors returned by GetLastError are:
ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND (2)
ERROR_TIMEOUT (1460)
ERROR_SUCCESS (0)
The most appropriate response to any error returned by Shell_NotifyIcon is to sleep for a period of time and retry.

An explanation of why the error code may differ has been made by Paul Baker, paraphrased from http://groups.google.com/group/microsoft.public.platformsdk.shell/msg/59235b293cbf5dfa and http://groups.google.com/group/microsoft.public.platformsdk.shell/msg/73973287f15c03fc:

Shell_NotifyIcon actually calls SetLastError(0) initially. After that, basically it uses FindWindow to find the tray notification window. If this fails, it will typically return ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND. Otherwise it sends a WM_COPYDATA message to the tray notification window, using SendMessageTimeout with a timeout of only 4 seconds. If that message returns zero, then Shell_NotifyIcon will fail with GetLastError returning zero.

解决方案：

case WM_CREATE:
    ...
    if (!TrayMessage(hWnd, NIM_ADD)) 
        SetTimer(hWnd, IDT_TIMER1, 4000, (TIMERPROC) NULL);
    break;

case WM_TIMER:
    TrayMessage(hWnd, NIM_ADD);
    KillTimer(IDT_TIMER1);
    break;

用户注销/登录后创建托盘图标时出现罕见错误

Rare error on Tray icon creation, after a user log out / log in

c++

windows

winapi

system-tray

systray