将 HTTP header 添加到 Angular HttpClient 不会发送 header,为什么?

Adding a HTTP header to the Angular HttpClient doesn't send the header, why?

这是我的代码:

import { HttpClient, HttpErrorResponse, HttpHeaders } from '@angular/common/http';

logIn(username: string, password: string) {
    const url = 'http://server.com/index.php';
    const body = JSON.stringify({username: username,
                                 password: password});
    const headers = new HttpHeaders();
    headers.set('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
    this.http.post(url, body, {headers: headers}).subscribe(
        (data) => {
            console.log(data);
        },
        (err: HttpErrorResponse) => {
            if (err.error instanceof Error) {
                console.log('Client-side error occured.');
            } else {
                console.log('Server-side error occured.');
            }
        }
    );
}

这里是网络调试:

Request Method:POST
Status Code:200 OK
Accept:application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate
Accept-Language:en-US,en;q=0.8
Cache-Control:no-cache
Connection:keep-alive
Content-Length:46
Content-Type:text/plain

并且数据存储在 'Request Payload' 但在我的服务器中没有收到 POST 值:

print_r($_POST);
Array
(
)

我认为错误来自于 POST 期间未设置的 header,我做错了什么?

HttpHeader class 的实例是 不可变的 object。调用 class 方法将 return 一个新实例作为结果。所以基本上,您需要执行以下操作:

let headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers = headers.set('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');

const headers = new HttpHeaders({'Content-Type':'application/json; charset=utf-8'});

更新:添加多个 headers

let headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers = headers.set('h1', 'v1').set('h2','v2');

const headers = new HttpHeaders({'h1':'v1','h2':'v2'});

更新:为 HttpClient headers 和参数接受 object 映射

因为 5.0.0-beta.6 现在可以跳过 HttpHeaders object 的创建,直接传递 object 映射作为参数。所以现在可以执行以下操作:

http.get('someurl',{
   headers: {'header1':'value1','header2':'value2'}
});

要添加多个参数或 headers 您可以执行以下操作:

constructor(private _http: HttpClient) {}

//....

const url = `${environment.APP_API}/api/request`;

let headers = new HttpHeaders().set('header1', hvalue1); // create header object
headers = headers.append('header2', hvalue2); // add a new header, creating a new object
headers = headers.append('header3', hvalue3); // add another header

let params = new HttpParams().set('param1', value1); // create params object
params = params.append('param2', value2); // add a new param, creating a new object
params = params.append('param3', value3); // add another param 

return this._http.get<any[]>(url, { headers: headers, params: params })

在手册中 (https://angular.io/guide/http) 我读到: HttpHeaders class 是不可变的,因此每个 set() returns 一个新实例并应用更改。

以下代码适用于 angular-4:

 return this.http.get(url, {headers: new HttpHeaders().set('UserEmail', email ) });

在您的 http 请求中像下面这样设置 http headers

return this.http.get(url, { headers: new HttpHeaders({'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + token})
 });

我为此纠结了很长时间。我正在使用 Angular 6,我发现

let headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers = headers.append('key', 'value');

没用。但起作用的是

let headers = new HttpHeaders().append('key', 'value');

做了,当你意识到它们是不可变的时,这是有道理的。因此,创建了一个 header 后,您将无法添加。我没试过,但我怀疑

let headers = new HttpHeaders();
let headers1 = headers.append('key', 'value');

也可以。

在我的遗留应用程序中,原型 js 的 Array.from 与导致此问题的 angular 的 Array.from 冲突。我通过保存 angular 的 Array.from 版本并在原型加载后重新分配它来解决它。

Angular 8 HttpClient 服务示例 错误处理自定义Header

    import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
    import { HttpClient, HttpHeaders, HttpErrorResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
    import { Student } from '../model/student';
    import { Observable, throwError } from 'rxjs';
    import { retry, catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';

    @Injectable({
      providedIn: 'root'
    })
    export class ApiService {

      // API path
      base_path = 'http://localhost:3000/students';

      constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

      // Http Options
      httpOptions = {
        headers: new HttpHeaders({
          'Content-Type': 'application/json'
        })
      }

      // Handle API errors
      handleError(error: HttpErrorResponse) {
        if (error.error instanceof ErrorEvent) {
          // A client-side or network error occurred. Handle it accordingly.
          console.error('An error occurred:', error.error.message);
        } else {
          // The backend returned an unsuccessful response code.
          // The response body may contain clues as to what went wrong,
          console.error(
            `Backend returned code ${error.status}, ` +
            `body was: ${error.error}`);
        }
        // return an observable with a user-facing error message
        return throwError(
          'Something bad happened; please try again later.');
      };


      // Create a new item
      createItem(item): Observable<Student> {
        return this.http
          .post<Student>(this.base_path, JSON.stringify(item), this.httpOptions)
          .pipe(
            retry(2),
            catchError(this.handleError)
          )
      }

      ....
      ....

查看完整的示例教程here

我和 Angular 8 在一起,唯一对我有用的是:

  getCustomHeaders(): HttpHeaders {
    const headers = new HttpHeaders()
      .set('Content-Type', 'application/json')
      .set('Api-Key', 'xxx');
    return headers;
  }

首先,你需要用HttpClient添加HttpHeaders

import { HttpClient,HttpHeaders  } from '@angular/common/http';

你的构造函数应该是这样的。

constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

那么你可以这样使用

   let header = new HttpHeaders({ "Authorization": "Bearer "+token});

   const requestOptions = {  headers: header};                                                                                                                                                                            

    return this.http.get<any>(url, requestOptions)
        .toPromise()
        .then(data=> {
            //...
            return data;
    });

我也在为此苦苦挣扎。我使用了一个拦截器,它捕获响应 headers,然后克隆 headers(因为 headers 是不可变的 objects),然后发送修改后的 headers。 https://angular.io/guide/http#intercepting-requests-and-responses