如何为 Spark Structured Streaming [SparkException: Task not serializable] 编写 JDBC Sink？

Question

我的 spark 结构化流数据框架需要一个 JDBC 接收器。目前，据我所知，DataFrame 的 API 缺少 writeStream 到 JDBC 实现（无论是在 PySpark 还是在 Scala（当前 Spark 版本 2.2.0）中）。我发现的唯一建议是基于 this article.

编写自己的 ForeachWriter Scala class

因此，我通过添加自定义 ForeachWriterclass 修改了 here 中的一个简单字数统计示例，并尝试 writeStream 到 PostgreSQL。词流是从控制台手动生成的（使用 NetCat：nc -lk -p 9999）并由 Spark 从套接字读取。

不幸的是，我收到 "Task not serializable" 错误。

APACHE_SPARK_VERSION=2.1.0 使用 Scala 版本 2.11.8（Java HotSpot(TM) 64 位服务器 VM，Java 1.8.0_112）

我的 Scala 代码：

//Spark context available as 'sc' (master = local[*], app id = local-1501242382770).
//Spark session available as 'spark'.

import java.sql._
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession

val spark = SparkSession
  .builder
  .master("local[*]")
  .appName("StructuredNetworkWordCountToJDBC")
  .config("spark.jars", "/tmp/data/postgresql-42.1.1.jar")
  .getOrCreate()

import spark.implicits._

val lines = spark.readStream
  .format("socket")
  .option("host", "localhost")
  .option("port", 9999)
  .load()

val words = lines.as[String].flatMap(_.split(" "))

val wordCounts = words.groupBy("value").count()

class JDBCSink(url: String, user:String, pwd:String) extends org.apache.spark.sql.ForeachWriter[org.apache.spark.sql.Row]{
    val driver = "org.postgresql.Driver"
    var connection:java.sql.Connection = _
    var statement:java.sql.Statement = _

    def open(partitionId: Long, version: Long):Boolean = {
        Class.forName(driver)
        connection = java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd)
        statement = connection.createStatement
        true
    }

    def process(value: org.apache.spark.sql.Row): Unit = {        
    statement.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO public.test(col1, col2) " +
                             "VALUES ('" + value(0) + "'," + value(1) + ");")
    }

    def close(errorOrNull:Throwable):Unit = {
        connection.close
    }
}

val url="jdbc:postgresql://<mypostgreserver>:<port>/<mydb>"
val user="<user name>"
val pwd="<pass>"
val writer = new JDBCSink(url, user, pwd)

import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming.ProcessingTime

val query=wordCounts
  .writeStream
  .foreach(writer)
  .outputMode("complete")
  .trigger(ProcessingTime("25 seconds"))
  .start()

query.awaitTermination()

错误信息：

ERROR StreamExecution: Query [id = ef2e7a4c-0d64-4cad-ad4f-91d349f8575b, runId = a86902e6-d168-49d1-b7e7-084ce503ea68] terminated with error
org.apache.spark.SparkException: Task not serializable
        at org.apache.spark.util.ClosureCleaner$.ensureSerializable(ClosureCleaner.scala:298)
        at org.apache.spark.util.ClosureCleaner$.org$apache$spark$util$ClosureCleaner$$clean(ClosureCleaner.scala:288)
        at org.apache.spark.util.ClosureCleaner$.clean(ClosureCleaner.scala:108)
        at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.clean(SparkContext.scala:2094)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$foreachPartition.apply(RDD.scala:924)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$foreachPartition.apply(RDD.scala:923)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope$.withScope(RDDOperationScope.scala:151)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope$.withScope(RDDOperationScope.scala:112)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.withScope(RDD.scala:362)
        at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.foreachPartition(RDD.scala:923)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ForeachSink.addBatch(ForeachSink.scala:49)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution$$anonfun$org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatch.apply$mcV$sp(StreamExecution.scala:503)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution$$anonfun$org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatch.apply(StreamExecution.scala:503)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution$$anonfun$org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatch.apply(StreamExecution.scala:503)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ProgressReporter$class.reportTimeTaken(ProgressReporter.scala:262)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution.reportTimeTaken(StreamExecution.scala:46)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution.org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatch(StreamExecution.scala:502)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution$$anonfun$org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatches$$anonfun.apply$mcV$sp(StreamExecution.scala:255)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution$$anonfun$org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatches$$anonfun.apply(StreamExecution.scala:244)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution$$anonfun$org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatches$$anonfun.apply(StreamExecution.scala:244)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ProgressReporter$class.reportTimeTaken(ProgressReporter.scala:262)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution.reportTimeTaken(StreamExecution.scala:46)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution$$anonfun$org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatches.apply$mcZ$sp(StreamExecution.scala:244)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ProcessingTimeExecutor.execute(TriggerExecutor.scala:43)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution.org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$StreamExecution$$runBatches(StreamExecution.scala:239)
        at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution$$anon.run(StreamExecution.scala:177)
Caused by: java.io.NotSerializableException: org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution
Serialization stack:
        - object not serializable (class: org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.StreamExecution, value: Streaming Query [id = 9b01db99-9120-4047-b779-2e2e0b289f65, runId = e20beefa-146a-4139-96f9-de3d64ce048a] [state = TERMINATED])
        - field (class: $line21.$read$$iw$$iw, name: query, type: interface org.apache.spark.sql.streaming.StreamingQuery)
        - object (class $line21.$read$$iw$$iw, $line21.$read$$iw$$iw@24747e0f)
        - field (class: $line21.$read$$iw, name: $iw, type: class $line21.$read$$iw$$iw)
        - object (class $line21.$read$$iw, $line21.$read$$iw@1814ed19)
        - field (class: $line21.$read, name: $iw, type: class $line21.$read$$iw)
        - object (class $line21.$read, $line21.$read@13e62f5d)
        - field (class: $line25.$read$$iw, name: $line21$read, type: class $line21.$read)
        - object (class $line25.$read$$iw, $line25.$read$$iw@14240e5c)
        - field (class: $line25.$read$$iw$$iw, name: $outer, type: class $line25.$read$$iw)
        - object (class $line25.$read$$iw$$iw, $line25.$read$$iw$$iw@11e4c6f5)
        - field (class: $line25.$read$$iw$$iw$JDBCSink, name: $outer, type: class $line25.$read$$iw$$iw)
        - object (class $line25.$read$$iw$$iw$JDBCSink, $line25.$read$$iw$$iw$JDBCSink@6c096c84)
        - field (class: org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ForeachSink, name: org$apache$spark$sql$execution$streaming$ForeachSink$$writer, type: class org.apache.spark.sql.ForeachWriter)
        - object (class org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ForeachSink, org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ForeachSink@6feccb75)
        - field (class: org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ForeachSink$$anonfun$addBatch, name: $outer, type: class org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ForeachSink)
        - object (class org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.ForeachSink$$anonfun$addBatch, <function1>)
        at org.apache.spark.serializer.SerializationDebugger$.improveException(SerializationDebugger.scala:40)
        at org.apache.spark.serializer.JavaSerializationStream.writeObject(JavaSerializer.scala:46)
        at org.apache.spark.serializer.JavaSerializerInstance.serialize(JavaSerializer.scala:100)
        at org.apache.spark.util.ClosureCleaner$.ensureSerializable(ClosureCleaner.scala:295)
        ... 25 more

如何让它发挥作用？

解决方案

（感谢所有人，特别感谢@zsxwing 的直接解决方案）：

将 JDBC接收器 class 保存到文件。
在spark-shell中加载一个classf.eg。使用 scala> :load <path_to_a_JDBCSink.scala_file>
最终 scala> :paste 没有 JDBC 接收器 class 定义的代码。

Answer 1

看来这里的违规者是在JDBCSink class中使用了import spark.implicits._：

JDBCSink 必须是可序列化的
通过添加此导入，您可以让 JDBCSink 引用不可序列化的 SparkSession，然后将其与它一起序列化（技术上，SparkSession extends Serializable，但这并不意味着在工作节点上反序列化）

好消息：您没有使用这个导入，所以如果您只是删除它，它应该可以工作。

Answer 2

只需在单独的文件中定义 JDBCSink，而不是将其定义为可能捕获外部引用的内部 class。

Answer 3

如果有人在交互式工作簿中遇到此问题，此解决方案也适用：

除了将 JDBCSinkclass 保存到单独的文件中，您还可以在同一工作簿中将其声明为单独的包 ("Packaged cell") 并将该包导入您正在使用它的单元格。这里描述得很好https://docs.databricks.com/user-guide/notebooks/package-cells.html

如何为 Spark Structured Streaming [SparkException: Task not serializable] 编写 JDBC Sink？

How to write JDBC Sink for Spark Structured Streaming [SparkException: Task not serializable]?

scala

apache-spark

spark-structured-streaming