libf2c.so.2 - main 未定义
libf2c.so.2 - main is undefined
我会尽量做到非常具体和翔实。为了 geospatial/geoscientific 社区的利益，我想创建一个包含地球科学中使用的所有包的 Docker 文件。 Docker 文件建立在 scipy-notebook docker 堆栈之上。
问题：
我正在尝试构建 HPGL（一个 Python 地统计学包）。
对于依赖项：我使用 apt-get 构建了一些包，对于那些我无法通过 apt 安装的包，我下载了 .deb 包。下面的 Docker 文件显示了构建所有 HPGL 依赖项的步骤：
FROM jupyter/scipy-notebook
###
### HPGL - High Performance Geostatistics Library
###
USER root
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y \
gcc \
g++ \
libboost-all-dev
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y \
liblapack-dev \
libblas-dev \
liblapacke-dev
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y \
scons
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libf/libf2c2/libf2c2_20090411-2_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libf2c2_20090411-2_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libf/libf2c2/libf2c2-dev_20090411-2_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libf2c2-dev_20090411-2_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/clapack/libcblas3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libcblas3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/clapack/libcblas-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libcblas-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/clapack/libclapack3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libclapack3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/clapack/libclapack-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libclapack-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget https://mirror.kku.ac.th/ubuntu/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lapack/libtmglib3_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libtmglib3_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/l/lapack/libtmglib-dev_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libtmglib-dev_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb
RUN git clone https://github.com/hpgl/hpgl.git
RUN cd hpgl/src/ && \
bash -c "source activate python2 && scons -j 2"
RUN cd hpgl/src/ && \
bash -c "source activate python2 && python2 setup.py install"
RUN rm -rf hpgl \
scons-2.5.0* \
libf2c2_20090411-2_amd64.deb \
libf2c2-dev_20090411-2_amd64.deb \
libtmglib3_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb \
libtmglib-dev_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb \
libcblas3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb \
libcblas-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb \
libclapack3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb \
libclapack-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
USER $NB_USER
这 运行 很顺利，我可以 运行 Docker 容器并启动笔记本，但是当我在 Python 中导入 HPGL 时，我得到了这个错误不知道发生了什么或如何解决这个问题：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-604a7d0744ab> in <module>()
----> 1 import geo_bsd
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/HPGL_BSD-0.9.9-py2.7.egg/geo_bsd/__init__.py in <module>()
2
3
----> 4 from geo import *
5 from sgs import sgs_simulation
6 from sis import sis_simulation
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/HPGL_BSD-0.9.9-py2.7.egg/geo_bsd/geo.py in <module>()
3 import ctypes as C
4
----> 5 from hpgl_wrap import _HPGL_SHAPE, _HPGL_CONT_MASKED_ARRAY, _HPGL_IND_MASKED_ARRAY, _HPGL_UBYTE_ARRAY, _HPGL_FLOAT_ARRAY, _HPGL_OK_PARAMS, _HPGL_SK_PARAMS, _HPGL_IK_PARAMS, _HPGL_MEDIAN_IK_PARAMS, __hpgl_cov_params_t, __hpgl_cockriging_m1_params_t, __hpgl_cockriging_m2_params_t, _hpgl_so
6 from hpgl_wrap import hpgl_output_handler, hpgl_progress_handler
7
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/HPGL_BSD-0.9.9-py2.7.egg/geo_bsd/hpgl_wrap.py in <module>()
144 _hpgl_so = NC.load_library('hpgl_d', __file__)
145 else:
--> 146 _hpgl_so = NC.load_library('hpgl', __file__)
147
148 _hpgl_so.hpgl_set_output_handler.restype = None
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/ctypeslib.pyc in load_library(libname, loader_path)
148 if os.path.exists(libpath):
149 try:
--> 150 return ctypes.cdll[libpath]
151 except OSError:
152 ## defective lib file
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/ctypes/__init__.pyc in __getitem__(self, name)
435
436 def __getitem__(self, name):
--> 437 return getattr(self, name)
438
439 def LoadLibrary(self, name):
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/ctypes/__init__.pyc in __getattr__(self, name)
430 if name[0] == '_':
431 raise AttributeError(name)
--> 432 dll = self._dlltype(name)
433 setattr(self, name, dll)
434 return dll
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/ctypes/__init__.pyc in __init__(self, name, mode, handle, use_errno, use_last_error)
360
361 if handle is None:
--> 362 self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
363 else:
364 self._handle = handle
OSError: /usr/lib/libf2c.so.2: undefined symbol: MAIN__
编辑 1：
显然@Jean-François Fabre Here! 指出了这个非常相似的问题。在那里，问题与文件 libf2c.so 相关，并且是这样解决的：
rm /usr/lib/libf2c.so && ln -s /usr/lib/libf2c.a /usr/lib/libf2c.so
此解决方案由@p929 在同一线程中解释：
What it does is in fact is to delete the dynamic library and create an
alias to the static library.
现在，我知道我遇到了同样的问题，但文件不同 (/usr/lib/libf2c.so.2)。解决方案是 "delete the dynamic library and create an alias to the static library"。我尝试使用相同的静态库 /usr/lib/libf2c.a 但没有成功。
解决方法：
安装时把动态库改成静态库，终于解决了问题。 HPGL 是使用 scons 构建的。来自 scons 网站：
SCons is an Open Source software construction tool
(...) Configuration files are Python scripts
所以我在 hpgl/src 中编辑了 SConstruct 文件，然后调用 scons 构建 HPGL。
来自 hpgl/src 的原始 SConstruct 文件：
env = Environment(
CPPDEFINES = cl_defines,
CPPPATH = [
# '/opt/boost_1_38_src/',
'tnt_126',
'geo_bsd/hpgl',
'CLAPACK-3.1.1.1/INCLUDE' ],
LIBS = ['stdc++', 'libgomp', 'pthread', 'lapack', 'f2c', 'tmglib', 'blas'],
LIBPATH = ['CLAPACK-3.1.1.1'],
)
我将列表 LIBS 更改为：
LIBS = ['stdc++', 'libgomp', 'pthread', 'lapack', File('/usr/lib/libf2c.a'), 'tmglib', 'blas'],
此解决方案由@BenG 在 this thread 中提出。
这样scons传递给我们想要的libf2c静态库的g++。部分构建：
g++ -o geo_bsd/_cvariogram.so -shared temp/release/geo_bsd/_cvariogram/ellipsoid.os temp/release/geo_bsd/_cvariogram/stack_layers.os temp/release/geo_bsd/_cvariogram/variograms.os -LCLAPACK-3.1.1.1 -lstdc++ -lgomp -lpthread -llapack /usr/lib/libf2c.a -ltmglib -lblas
您是否尝试过将 LIBS 中的名称从 'libf2c' 更改为 'f2c'？
我会尽量做到非常具体和翔实。为了 geospatial/geoscientific 社区的利益，我想创建一个包含地球科学中使用的所有包的 Docker 文件。 Docker 文件建立在 scipy-notebook docker 堆栈之上。
问题：
我正在尝试构建 HPGL（一个 Python 地统计学包）。
对于依赖项：我使用 apt-get 构建了一些包，对于那些我无法通过 apt 安装的包，我下载了 .deb 包。下面的 Docker 文件显示了构建所有 HPGL 依赖项的步骤：
FROM jupyter/scipy-notebook
###
### HPGL - High Performance Geostatistics Library
###
USER root
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y \
gcc \
g++ \
libboost-all-dev
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y \
liblapack-dev \
libblas-dev \
liblapacke-dev
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y \
scons
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libf/libf2c2/libf2c2_20090411-2_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libf2c2_20090411-2_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libf/libf2c2/libf2c2-dev_20090411-2_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libf2c2-dev_20090411-2_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/clapack/libcblas3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libcblas3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/clapack/libcblas-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libcblas-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/clapack/libclapack3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libclapack3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/clapack/libclapack-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libclapack-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget https://mirror.kku.ac.th/ubuntu/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lapack/libtmglib3_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libtmglib3_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb
RUN wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/l/lapack/libtmglib-dev_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb && \
dpkg -i libtmglib-dev_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb
RUN git clone https://github.com/hpgl/hpgl.git
RUN cd hpgl/src/ && \
bash -c "source activate python2 && scons -j 2"
RUN cd hpgl/src/ && \
bash -c "source activate python2 && python2 setup.py install"
RUN rm -rf hpgl \
scons-2.5.0* \
libf2c2_20090411-2_amd64.deb \
libf2c2-dev_20090411-2_amd64.deb \
libtmglib3_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb \
libtmglib-dev_3.7.1-1_amd64.deb \
libcblas3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb \
libcblas-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb \
libclapack3_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb \
libclapack-dev_3.2.1+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
USER $NB_USER
这 运行 很顺利，我可以 运行 Docker 容器并启动笔记本，但是当我在 Python 中导入 HPGL 时，我得到了这个错误不知道发生了什么或如何解决这个问题：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-604a7d0744ab> in <module>()
----> 1 import geo_bsd
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/HPGL_BSD-0.9.9-py2.7.egg/geo_bsd/__init__.py in <module>()
2
3
----> 4 from geo import *
5 from sgs import sgs_simulation
6 from sis import sis_simulation
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/HPGL_BSD-0.9.9-py2.7.egg/geo_bsd/geo.py in <module>()
3 import ctypes as C
4
----> 5 from hpgl_wrap import _HPGL_SHAPE, _HPGL_CONT_MASKED_ARRAY, _HPGL_IND_MASKED_ARRAY, _HPGL_UBYTE_ARRAY, _HPGL_FLOAT_ARRAY, _HPGL_OK_PARAMS, _HPGL_SK_PARAMS, _HPGL_IK_PARAMS, _HPGL_MEDIAN_IK_PARAMS, __hpgl_cov_params_t, __hpgl_cockriging_m1_params_t, __hpgl_cockriging_m2_params_t, _hpgl_so
6 from hpgl_wrap import hpgl_output_handler, hpgl_progress_handler
7
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/HPGL_BSD-0.9.9-py2.7.egg/geo_bsd/hpgl_wrap.py in <module>()
144 _hpgl_so = NC.load_library('hpgl_d', __file__)
145 else:
--> 146 _hpgl_so = NC.load_library('hpgl', __file__)
147
148 _hpgl_so.hpgl_set_output_handler.restype = None
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/ctypeslib.pyc in load_library(libname, loader_path)
148 if os.path.exists(libpath):
149 try:
--> 150 return ctypes.cdll[libpath]
151 except OSError:
152 ## defective lib file
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/ctypes/__init__.pyc in __getitem__(self, name)
435
436 def __getitem__(self, name):
--> 437 return getattr(self, name)
438
439 def LoadLibrary(self, name):
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/ctypes/__init__.pyc in __getattr__(self, name)
430 if name[0] == '_':
431 raise AttributeError(name)
--> 432 dll = self._dlltype(name)
433 setattr(self, name, dll)
434 return dll
/opt/conda/envs/python2/lib/python2.7/ctypes/__init__.pyc in __init__(self, name, mode, handle, use_errno, use_last_error)
360
361 if handle is None:
--> 362 self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
363 else:
364 self._handle = handle
OSError: /usr/lib/libf2c.so.2: undefined symbol: MAIN__
编辑 1：
显然@Jean-François Fabre Here! 指出了这个非常相似的问题。在那里，问题与文件 libf2c.so 相关，并且是这样解决的：
rm /usr/lib/libf2c.so && ln -s /usr/lib/libf2c.a /usr/lib/libf2c.so
此解决方案由@p929 在同一线程中解释：
What it does is in fact is to delete the dynamic library and create an alias to the static library.
现在，我知道我遇到了同样的问题，但文件不同 (/usr/lib/libf2c.so.2)。解决方案是 "delete the dynamic library and create an alias to the static library"。我尝试使用相同的静态库 /usr/lib/libf2c.a 但没有成功。
解决方法：
安装时把动态库改成静态库，终于解决了问题。 HPGL 是使用 scons 构建的。来自 scons 网站：
SCons is an Open Source software construction tool (...) Configuration files are Python scripts
所以我在 hpgl/src 中编辑了 SConstruct 文件，然后调用 scons 构建 HPGL。
来自 hpgl/src 的原始 SConstruct 文件：
env = Environment(
CPPDEFINES = cl_defines,
CPPPATH = [
# '/opt/boost_1_38_src/',
'tnt_126',
'geo_bsd/hpgl',
'CLAPACK-3.1.1.1/INCLUDE' ],
LIBS = ['stdc++', 'libgomp', 'pthread', 'lapack', 'f2c', 'tmglib', 'blas'],
LIBPATH = ['CLAPACK-3.1.1.1'],
)
我将列表 LIBS 更改为：
LIBS = ['stdc++', 'libgomp', 'pthread', 'lapack', File('/usr/lib/libf2c.a'), 'tmglib', 'blas'],
此解决方案由@BenG 在 this thread 中提出。
这样scons传递给我们想要的libf2c静态库的g++。部分构建：
g++ -o geo_bsd/_cvariogram.so -shared temp/release/geo_bsd/_cvariogram/ellipsoid.os temp/release/geo_bsd/_cvariogram/stack_layers.os temp/release/geo_bsd/_cvariogram/variograms.os -LCLAPACK-3.1.1.1 -lstdc++ -lgomp -lpthread -llapack /usr/lib/libf2c.a -ltmglib -lblas
您是否尝试过将 LIBS 中的名称从 'libf2c' 更改为 'f2c'？