如何使用 base class 硬编码静态关系数据?

How to hard-code static relational data with base class?

在我的应用程序中,我需要在运行时访问一些 "relational" 数据。如果我有很多数据或者它经常更改,我会将它存储在数据库(sqlite 或其他东西)中。但我只有几个实体,其中包含 5-50 个对象,这些对象不会(经常)更改,并且会由开发人员单独更改。所以我认为简单地硬编码 Java classes 中的数据以简化代码维护是有意义的。

所有实体共享一个公共抽象超级class(有一个int id和一个String name)。 定义数据后,我想引用每个实体对象和 Collection/Array 所有这些对象都在 class 之外可用。 我想确保数据是不可变的。

第一个想法是做这样的事情:

public abstract class AbstractEntity{

    private final int id;
    private String name;

    protected AbstractEntity(int id, String name){
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }   

    private void someMethods(){
        ...
    }

    abstract protected void someAbstractMethods(){
        ...
    }
}

public final class MyEntity extends AbstractEntity{

    public static final ENTITY_1 = new MyEntity(1, "Entity 1", "foo");
    public static final ENTITY_2 = new MyEntity(2, "Entity 2", "bar");
    public static final ENTITY_3 = new MyEntity(3, "Entity 3", "baz");

    public static final Set<MyEntity> ALL = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new TreeSet<>(Arrays.asList(ENTITY_1, ENTITY_2, ENTITY_3)));

    private final String foo;

    private MyEntity(int id, String name, String foo){
        super(id, name);
        this.foo = foo;
    }
}

我看到的缺陷是,在开发过程中添加新实体时,我也必须将它添加到 ALL Set 中。这让我很烦。这是一种冗余和错误来源。

然后我只是想使用枚举作为实体 classes,我可以在其中定义实体对象并在 values() 数组中隐含地引用所有对象。 但这不起作用,因为有一个基础 class (AbstractEntity) 并且在 Java.

中不可能进行多重继承

下一个想法是使用具有默认方法的接口,而不是抽象基础 class,并且作为实体定义一个实现该接口的枚举。 但是那样我就无法在基础 class (接口)中定义 int id 和 String name 并且必须在每个 subclass.

中定义它

我是否缺少一些语法糖? 这里的最佳做法是什么?

像这样的事情可以使用反射来解决问题。

public final class MyEntity extends AbstractEntity{

    public static final ENTITY_1 = new MyEntity(1, "Entity 1", "foo");
    public static final ENTITY_2 = new MyEntity(2, "Entity 2", "bar");
    public static final ENTITY_3 = new MyEntity(3, "Entity 3", "baz");

    public static final Set<MyEntity> ALL;

    static {
       final Set<MyEntity> all = new TreeSet<>();

       // Find all static fields in this class which are instances of this class:
       final Field[] fields = MyEntity.class.getDeclaredFields();
       for ( Field f : fields ) {
          if ( f.getType() == MyEntity.class ) {
            if ( Modifier.isStatic( f.getModifiers() ) {
               all.add((MyEntity)f.get(null));
            }
          }
       }

       ALL = Collections.unmodifiableSet( all );
    }

    private final String foo;

    private MyEntity(int id, String name, String foo){
        super(id, name);
        this.foo = foo;
    }
}

从中编写通用效用函数 initializeEntitySet( Class<?> entityClass ) 应该很简单。

如评论中所述,我宁愿使用 Enum 来存储每个实体的实例。您可以向枚举构造函数添加参数,以便随后实例化和存储实体值。

接下来,我为您提供一个解决方案,让您的 Set 存储所有实例,并使用 Enum 用于 A 类型的实体,另一个用于 B 类型的实体(均继承自AbstractEntity 用于 ALL 集合)。 ALL 集合填充在从 ENUMS 检索值的静态部分,因此,您只需在枚举上添加条目即可添加新值。

Entities.java

public class Entities {

    // Entities of class A
    private enum EntitiesOfA {
        ENTITY_A_1(1, "EntityA 1", "foo"), // A1
        ENTITY_A_2(2, "EntityA 2", "bar"), // A2
        ENTITY_A_3(3, "EntityA 3", "baz"); // A3

        private MyEntityA entity;


        private EntitiesOfA(int id, String name, String foo) {
            this.entity = new MyEntityA(id, name, foo);
        }

        public MyEntityA getEntity() {
            return this.entity;
        }
    }

    // Entities of class B
    private enum EntitiesOfB {
        ENTITY_B_1(4, "EntityB 1", 10), // B1
        ENTITY_B_2(5, "EntityB 2", 11), // B2
        ENTITY_B_3(6, "EntityB 3", 12); // B3

        private MyEntityB entity;


        private EntitiesOfB(int id, String name, int value) {
            this.entity = new MyEntityB(id, name, value);
        }

        public MyEntityB getEntity() {
            return this.entity;
        }
    }


    // All Entities
    public static final Set<AbstractEntity> ALL;

    static {
        // I use HashSet instead of TreeSet because I have
        // not implemented the comparable interface
        Set<AbstractEntity> allEntities = new HashSet<>();
        for (EntitiesOfA entity : EntitiesOfA.values()) {
            allEntities.add(entity.getEntity());
        }
        for (EntitiesOfB entity : EntitiesOfB.values()) {
            allEntities.add(entity.getEntity());
        }

        ALL = Collections.unmodifiableSet(allEntities);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (AbstractEntity entity : ALL) {
            System.out.println("Entity ID = " + entity.getId() + " NAME = " + entity.getName());
            entity.someAbstractMethods();

            if (entity instanceof MyEntityA) {
                MyEntityA a = (MyEntityA) entity;
                System.out.println("Entity A with foo = " + a.getFoo());
                a.someMethods();
            } else if (entity instanceof MyEntityB) {
                MyEntityB b = (MyEntityB) entity;
                System.out.println("Entity B with value = " + b.getValue());
                b.someMethods();
            } else {
                System.err.println("ERROR: Unrecognised subclass");
            }
        }
    }
}

AbstractEntity.java

public abstract class AbstractEntity {

    private final int id;
    private String name;


    protected AbstractEntity(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return this.id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void someMethods() {
        // A
    }

    protected abstract void someAbstractMethods();

}

MyEntityA.java public final class MyEntityA extends AbstractEntity {

private final String foo;


public MyEntityA(int id, String name, String foo) {
    super(id, name);

    this.foo = foo;
}

public String getFoo() {
    return this.foo;
}

@Override
protected void someAbstractMethods() {
    // Some code
}

}

MyEntityB.java public 最终 class MyEntityB 扩展了 AbstractEntity {

private final int value;


public MyEntityB(int id, String name, int value) {
    super(id, name);

    this.value = value;
}

public int getValue() {
    return this.value;
}

@Override
protected void someAbstractMethods() {
    // Some code
}

}

注意:

  • 如果您愿意,ENUM 中的构造函数可以替换为 VAL(new MyEntityA(...))。在这种情况下,您可以合并 EntitesOfAEntitesOfB 以拥有所有实体并使用带有 AbstractEntity 的构造函数。您也可以删除 Set

    public class AllEntities {
    
    private enum Entities {
        ENTITY_A_1(new MyEntityA(1, "EntityA 1", "foo")), // A1
        ENTITY_A_2(new MyEntityA(2, "EntityA 2", "bar")), // A2
        ENTITY_A_3(new MyEntityA(3, "EntityA 3", "baz")), // A3
        ENTITY_B_1(new MyEntityB(4, "EntityB 1", 10)), // B1
        ENTITY_B_2(new MyEntityB(5, "EntityB 2", 11)), // B2
        ENTITY_B_3(new MyEntityB(6, "EntityB 3", 12)); // B3
    
        private AbstractEntity entity;
    
    
        private Entities(AbstractEntity entity) {
            this.entity = entity;
        }
    
        public AbstractEntity getEntity() {
            return this.entity;
        }
    }
    
    
    // All Entities
    public static final Set<AbstractEntity> ALL;
    
    static {
        // I use HashSet instead of TreeSet because I have
        // not implemented the comparable interface
        Set<AbstractEntity> allEntities = new HashSet<>();
        for (Entities entity : Entities.values()) {
            allEntities.add(entity.getEntity());
        }
        ALL = Collections.unmodifiableSet(allEntities);
    }
    
  • 我添加了一个用于测试的主要方法,但您也可以将其删除。