从 Django shell 中将照片上传到 Photologue 的自定义命令？
Custom command to upload photo to Photologue from within Django shell?
我已成功使用 Photologue 来展示 galleries of regularly-created data plot images。当然，既然已经建立了能力，就会创建大量的数据图，需要共享它们！
使用 Django shell 中的 manage.py 编写上传图像并将它们添加到画廊的过程脚本；但是，作为 Django 的业余爱好者，我遇到了一些困难。
这是我目前开发的自定义命令addphoto.py：
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery
import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
class Command(BaseCommand):
help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'
def add_arguments(self, parser):
parser.add_argument('imagefile', type=str)
parser.add_argument('--title', type=str)
parser.add_argument('--date_added', type=str, help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
parser.add_argument('--gallery', type=str)
def handle(self, *args, **options):
imagefile = options['imagefile']
if options['title']:
title = options['title']
else:
base = os.path.basename(imagefile)
title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
if options['date_added']:
date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
else:
date_added = timezone.now()
p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, date_added=date_added)
p.save()
不幸的是，当使用 --traceback 执行时，结果如下：
./manage.py addphoto '../dataplots/monitoring/test.png' --traceback
Failed to read EXIF DateTimeOriginal
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 494, in save
exif_date = self.EXIF(self.image.file).get('EXIF DateTimeOriginal', None)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/files.py", line 51, in _get_file
self._file = self.storage.open(self.name, 'rb')
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 38, in open
return self._open(name, mode)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 300, in _open
return File(open(self.path(name), mode))
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 405, in path
return safe_join(self.location, name)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/_os.py", line 78, in safe_join
'component ({})'.format(final_path, base_path))
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation: The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/test.png) is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 363, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 355, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/management/commands/addphoto.py", line 36, in handle
p.save()
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 553, in save
super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 504, in save
self.pre_cache()
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 472, in pre_cache
self.create_size(photosize)
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 411, in create_size
if self.size_exists(photosize):
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 364, in size_exists
if self.image.storage.exists(func()):
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 392, in exists
return os.path.exists(self.path(name))
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 405, in path
return safe_join(self.location, name)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/_os.py", line 78, in safe_join
'component ({})'.format(final_path, base_path))
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation: The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/cache/test_thumbnail.png) is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)
显然，图像文件的副本没有放在 media/ 目录中。此外，虽然 image、title 和 date_added 列填充在网站数据库的 photologue_photos table 中，但 slug 列是没有。
如何将文件上传到MEDIA_ROOT目录？
以下是 Photologue models.py 文件中 Photo 和 ImageModel 模型的相关片段，供参考：
class Photo(ImageModel):
title = models.CharField(_('title'),
max_length=250,
unique=True)
slug = models.SlugField(_('slug'),
unique=True,
max_length=250,
help_text=_('A "slug" is a unique URL-friendly title for an object.'))
caption = models.TextField(_('caption'),
blank=True)
date_added = models.DateTimeField(_('date added'),
default=now)
is_public = models.BooleanField(_('is public'),
default=True,
help_text=_('Public photographs will be displayed in the default views.'))
sites = models.ManyToManyField(Site, verbose_name=_(u'sites'),
blank=True)
objects = PhotoQuerySet.as_manager()
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.slug is None:
self.slug = slugify(self.title)
super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
class ImageModel(models.Model):
image = models.ImageField(_('image'),
max_length=IMAGE_FIELD_MAX_LENGTH,
upload_to=get_storage_path)
date_taken = models.DateTimeField(_('date taken'),
null=True,
blank=True,
help_text=_('Date image was taken; is obtained from the image EXIF data.'))
view_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(_('view count'),
default=0,
editable=False)
crop_from = models.CharField(_('crop from'),
blank=True,
max_length=10,
default='center',
choices=CROP_ANCHOR_CHOICES)
effect = models.ForeignKey('photologue.PhotoEffect',
null=True,
blank=True,
related_name="%(class)s_related",
verbose_name=_('effect'))
class Meta:
abstract = True
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ImageModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self._old_image = self.image
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
image_has_changed = False
if self._get_pk_val() and (self._old_image != self.image):
image_has_changed = True
# If we have changed the image, we need to clear from the cache all instances of the old
# image; clear_cache() works on the current (new) image, and in turn calls several other methods.
# Changing them all to act on the old image was a lot of changes, so instead we temporarily swap old
# and new images.
new_image = self.image
self.image = self._old_image
self.clear_cache()
self.image = new_image # Back to the new image.
self._old_image.storage.delete(self._old_image.name) # Delete (old) base image.
if self.date_taken is None or image_has_changed:
# Attempt to get the date the photo was taken from the EXIF data.
try:
exif_date = self.EXIF(self.image.file).get('EXIF DateTimeOriginal', None)
if exif_date is not None:
d, t = exif_date.values.split()
year, month, day = d.split(':')
hour, minute, second = t.split(':')
self.date_taken = datetime(int(year), int(month), int(day),
int(hour), int(minute), int(second))
except:
logger.error('Failed to read EXIF DateTimeOriginal', exc_info=True)
super(ImageModel, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
self.pre_cache()
这里是 get_storage_path 函数，根据要求：
# Look for user function to define file paths
PHOTOLOGUE_PATH = getattr(settings, 'PHOTOLOGUE_PATH', None)
if PHOTOLOGUE_PATH is not None:
if callable(PHOTOLOGUE_PATH):
get_storage_path = PHOTOLOGUE_PATH
else:
parts = PHOTOLOGUE_PATH.split('.')
module_name = '.'.join(parts[:-1])
module = import_module(module_name)
get_storage_path = getattr(module, parts[-1])
else:
def get_storage_path(instance, filename):
fn = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', force_text(filename)).encode('ascii', 'ignore').decode('ascii')
return os.path.join(PHOTOLOGUE_DIR, 'photos', fn)
关于您问题的一部分：保存 Photo 时，slug 列为空。
它 应该 在保存 Photo 时自动填充 - 正如您对上面的 Photologue 源代码的复制和粘贴 if self.slug is None: self.slug = slugify(self.title) 清楚.
这表明 Photologue 源代码实际上不是从您的管理命令中调用的 - 您可以通过向 Photologue 代码的本地副本添加一些快速调试代码来检查这一点，例如save() 方法中的 print() 语句，并检查它是否 是 是 运行.
Edit/Update 2: 我想我知道为什么你的 slug 字段是空的。我认为问题在于 self.slug 不是 None，即使该字段不包含字符串或包含空字符串（请参阅 this answer）。所以尝试将 if self.slug is None 更新为：
class Photo(ImageModel):
...
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
# test if slug is not truthy, including empty string or None-ness
if not self.slug:
self.slug = slugify(self.title)
super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
Edit/Update 1: 查看 this answer. It is from Django 1.4 (ancient, I know), but it should solve your problem. If you copy or move the files you are adding to MEDIA_ROOT before creating the Photo instances, then you should be good to go. Here is an answer 显示如何在 python 中复制文件。我建议您将自定义命令更改为：
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery
# so you can access settings.MEDIA_ROOT
from django.conf import settings
# so you can copy file to MEDIA_ROOT if need be
from shutil import copyfile
import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
class Command(BaseCommand):
help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'
def add_arguments(self, parser):
parser.add_argument('imagefile', type=str)
# where the imagefile is currently located, assumes MEDIA_ROOT
parser.add_argument('--media_source', type=str)
parser.add_argument('--title', type=str)
parser.add_argument('--date_added', type=str, help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
parser.add_argument('--gallery', type=str)
def handle(self, *args, **options):
# the path of the file relative to media_source
imagefile = options['imagefile']
# if file is not in media root, copy it to there
if options['media_source']:
media_source = os.path.realpath(options['media_source'])
media_target = os.path.realpath(settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
if media_source != media_target:
copyfile(imagefile, os.path.join(media_target, imagefile)
# note: if media_source was not provided, assume file is already in MEDIA_ROOT
if options['title']:
title = options['title']
else:
base = os.path.basename(imagefile)
title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
if options['date_added']:
date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
else:
date_added = timezone.now()
p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, date_added=date_added)
p.save()
现在你的 imagefile 是相对于你的媒体源 (../dataplots) 的，被复制到 MEDIA_ROOT，一切都应该按计划进行。这是您的命令的样子
manage.py addphoto 'monitoring/test.png' --media_source='../dataplots'
应该将您的数据图复制到 MEDIA_ROOT，然后按预期创建 Photo 实体。
原答案：
你能 post 下一行中的 get_storage_path 是什么吗:
class ImageModel(models.Model):
image = models.ImageField(_('image'),
max_length=IMAGE_FIELD_MAX_LENGTH,
upload_to=get_storage_path) # <-- here
在我知道那是什么之前，这个答案会有些不完整，但我想我明白了你的问题。看你的命令是运行:
./manage.py addphoto '../dataplots/monitoring/test.png' --traceback
你的 imagefile 参数是 ../dataplots/monitoring/test.png。如果 get_storage_path return 是相同的路径，路径的开头是 ../，那么您将指定一个不在 MEDIA_ROOT 目录中的上传路径，但在其父目录中。我认为它正在尝试上传到 MEDIA_ROOT/../dataplots/monitoring/test.png，如回溯中的第一个 SuspiciousFileOperation 所示：
# note: linebreaks and indentation added for readability
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation:
The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/test.png)
is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)
所以它正在尝试上传到 MEDIA_ROOT/imagefile，但是 imagefile 以 ../ 开头，这是不允许的。
如果确实是这个问题（很难说直到你 post 代码 get_storage_path），那么有很多方法可以解决这个问题。也许最快的解决方法就是将 dataplots 目录移动到与 manage.py:
相同的目录中
mv ../dataplots ./dataplots
这应该可以直接解决您的问题，因为您不再需要 ../，但您可能不希望项目目录中包含所有这些数据图，因此这是一个快速但效果不佳的解决方案。潜在的问题是源文件的路径和你上传源文件的路径不应该相等。我认为您应该更改命令参数以包含 image_source 和 image_destination，或者您可以包含 source_media_root 和 imagefile，其中 ../ 是 source_media_root，并且 imagefile 是相对于 source_media_root 和 MEDIA_ROOT 中所需的目标位置...有很多解决方案，但我不能完全提供正确的代码一个，直到我知道 get_storage_path 是什么（我假设它是一个函数 return 或可以 return imagefile 参数的一种或另一种方式）。
这是我最终创建的自定义 addphoto.py 命令的工作版本。
图像文件需要在MEDIA_ROOT/photologue/photos以内以便于导入。使用 ./manage.py addphoto 'photologue/photos/test.png' 执行命令。请注意，有一个 --gallery 选项可将图像添加到图库，前提是图库的 slug.
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery
import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
class Command(BaseCommand):
help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'
def add_arguments(self, parser):
parser.add_argument('imagefile',
type=str)
parser.add_argument('--title',
type=str)
parser.add_argument('--date_added',
type=str,
help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
parser.add_argument('--gallery',
type=str)
def handle(self, *args, **options):
imagefile = options['imagefile']
base = os.path.basename(imagefile)
if options['title']:
title = options['title']
else:
title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
if options['date_added']:
date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
else:
date_added = timezone.now()
try:
p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, slug=title, date_added=date_added)
except:
raise CommandError('Photo "%s" could not be added' % base)
p.save()
self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('Successfully added photo "%s"' % p))
if options['gallery']:
try:
g = Gallery.objects.get(slug=options['gallery'])
except:
raise CommandError('Gallery "%s" does not exist' % options['gallery'])
p.galleries.add(g.pk)
p.save()
self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('Successfully added photo to gallery "%s"' % g))
我已成功使用 Photologue 来展示 galleries of regularly-created data plot images。当然，既然已经建立了能力，就会创建大量的数据图，需要共享它们！
使用 Django shell 中的 manage.py 编写上传图像并将它们添加到画廊的过程脚本；但是，作为 Django 的业余爱好者，我遇到了一些困难。
这是我目前开发的自定义命令addphoto.py：
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery
import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
class Command(BaseCommand):
help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'
def add_arguments(self, parser):
parser.add_argument('imagefile', type=str)
parser.add_argument('--title', type=str)
parser.add_argument('--date_added', type=str, help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
parser.add_argument('--gallery', type=str)
def handle(self, *args, **options):
imagefile = options['imagefile']
if options['title']:
title = options['title']
else:
base = os.path.basename(imagefile)
title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
if options['date_added']:
date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
else:
date_added = timezone.now()
p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, date_added=date_added)
p.save()
不幸的是，当使用 --traceback 执行时，结果如下：
./manage.py addphoto '../dataplots/monitoring/test.png' --traceback
Failed to read EXIF DateTimeOriginal
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 494, in save
exif_date = self.EXIF(self.image.file).get('EXIF DateTimeOriginal', None)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/files.py", line 51, in _get_file
self._file = self.storage.open(self.name, 'rb')
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 38, in open
return self._open(name, mode)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 300, in _open
return File(open(self.path(name), mode))
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 405, in path
return safe_join(self.location, name)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/_os.py", line 78, in safe_join
'component ({})'.format(final_path, base_path))
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation: The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/test.png) is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 363, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 355, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 283, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/management/commands/addphoto.py", line 36, in handle
p.save()
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 553, in save
super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 504, in save
self.pre_cache()
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 472, in pre_cache
self.create_size(photosize)
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 411, in create_size
if self.size_exists(photosize):
File "/home/user/mysite/photologue/models.py", line 364, in size_exists
if self.image.storage.exists(func()):
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 392, in exists
return os.path.exists(self.path(name))
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 405, in path
return safe_join(self.location, name)
File "/home/user/mysite/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/_os.py", line 78, in safe_join
'component ({})'.format(final_path, base_path))
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation: The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/cache/test_thumbnail.png) is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)
显然，图像文件的副本没有放在 media/ 目录中。此外，虽然 image、title 和 date_added 列填充在网站数据库的 photologue_photos table 中，但 slug 列是没有。
如何将文件上传到MEDIA_ROOT目录？
以下是 Photologue models.py 文件中 Photo 和 ImageModel 模型的相关片段，供参考：
class Photo(ImageModel):
title = models.CharField(_('title'),
max_length=250,
unique=True)
slug = models.SlugField(_('slug'),
unique=True,
max_length=250,
help_text=_('A "slug" is a unique URL-friendly title for an object.'))
caption = models.TextField(_('caption'),
blank=True)
date_added = models.DateTimeField(_('date added'),
default=now)
is_public = models.BooleanField(_('is public'),
default=True,
help_text=_('Public photographs will be displayed in the default views.'))
sites = models.ManyToManyField(Site, verbose_name=_(u'sites'),
blank=True)
objects = PhotoQuerySet.as_manager()
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.slug is None:
self.slug = slugify(self.title)
super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
class ImageModel(models.Model):
image = models.ImageField(_('image'),
max_length=IMAGE_FIELD_MAX_LENGTH,
upload_to=get_storage_path)
date_taken = models.DateTimeField(_('date taken'),
null=True,
blank=True,
help_text=_('Date image was taken; is obtained from the image EXIF data.'))
view_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(_('view count'),
default=0,
editable=False)
crop_from = models.CharField(_('crop from'),
blank=True,
max_length=10,
default='center',
choices=CROP_ANCHOR_CHOICES)
effect = models.ForeignKey('photologue.PhotoEffect',
null=True,
blank=True,
related_name="%(class)s_related",
verbose_name=_('effect'))
class Meta:
abstract = True
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ImageModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self._old_image = self.image
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
image_has_changed = False
if self._get_pk_val() and (self._old_image != self.image):
image_has_changed = True
# If we have changed the image, we need to clear from the cache all instances of the old
# image; clear_cache() works on the current (new) image, and in turn calls several other methods.
# Changing them all to act on the old image was a lot of changes, so instead we temporarily swap old
# and new images.
new_image = self.image
self.image = self._old_image
self.clear_cache()
self.image = new_image # Back to the new image.
self._old_image.storage.delete(self._old_image.name) # Delete (old) base image.
if self.date_taken is None or image_has_changed:
# Attempt to get the date the photo was taken from the EXIF data.
try:
exif_date = self.EXIF(self.image.file).get('EXIF DateTimeOriginal', None)
if exif_date is not None:
d, t = exif_date.values.split()
year, month, day = d.split(':')
hour, minute, second = t.split(':')
self.date_taken = datetime(int(year), int(month), int(day),
int(hour), int(minute), int(second))
except:
logger.error('Failed to read EXIF DateTimeOriginal', exc_info=True)
super(ImageModel, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
self.pre_cache()
这里是 get_storage_path 函数，根据要求：
# Look for user function to define file paths
PHOTOLOGUE_PATH = getattr(settings, 'PHOTOLOGUE_PATH', None)
if PHOTOLOGUE_PATH is not None:
if callable(PHOTOLOGUE_PATH):
get_storage_path = PHOTOLOGUE_PATH
else:
parts = PHOTOLOGUE_PATH.split('.')
module_name = '.'.join(parts[:-1])
module = import_module(module_name)
get_storage_path = getattr(module, parts[-1])
else:
def get_storage_path(instance, filename):
fn = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', force_text(filename)).encode('ascii', 'ignore').decode('ascii')
return os.path.join(PHOTOLOGUE_DIR, 'photos', fn)
关于您问题的一部分：保存 Photo 时，slug 列为空。
它 应该 在保存 Photo 时自动填充 - 正如您对上面的 Photologue 源代码的复制和粘贴 if self.slug is None: self.slug = slugify(self.title) 清楚.
这表明 Photologue 源代码实际上不是从您的管理命令中调用的 - 您可以通过向 Photologue 代码的本地副本添加一些快速调试代码来检查这一点，例如save() 方法中的 print() 语句，并检查它是否 是 是 运行.
Edit/Update 2: 我想我知道为什么你的 slug 字段是空的。我认为问题在于 self.slug 不是 None，即使该字段不包含字符串或包含空字符串（请参阅 this answer）。所以尝试将 if self.slug is None 更新为：
class Photo(ImageModel):
...
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
# test if slug is not truthy, including empty string or None-ness
if not self.slug:
self.slug = slugify(self.title)
super(Photo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
Edit/Update 1: 查看 this answer. It is from Django 1.4 (ancient, I know), but it should solve your problem. If you copy or move the files you are adding to MEDIA_ROOT before creating the Photo instances, then you should be good to go. Here is an answer 显示如何在 python 中复制文件。我建议您将自定义命令更改为：
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery
# so you can access settings.MEDIA_ROOT
from django.conf import settings
# so you can copy file to MEDIA_ROOT if need be
from shutil import copyfile
import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
class Command(BaseCommand):
help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'
def add_arguments(self, parser):
parser.add_argument('imagefile', type=str)
# where the imagefile is currently located, assumes MEDIA_ROOT
parser.add_argument('--media_source', type=str)
parser.add_argument('--title', type=str)
parser.add_argument('--date_added', type=str, help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
parser.add_argument('--gallery', type=str)
def handle(self, *args, **options):
# the path of the file relative to media_source
imagefile = options['imagefile']
# if file is not in media root, copy it to there
if options['media_source']:
media_source = os.path.realpath(options['media_source'])
media_target = os.path.realpath(settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
if media_source != media_target:
copyfile(imagefile, os.path.join(media_target, imagefile)
# note: if media_source was not provided, assume file is already in MEDIA_ROOT
if options['title']:
title = options['title']
else:
base = os.path.basename(imagefile)
title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
if options['date_added']:
date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
else:
date_added = timezone.now()
p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, date_added=date_added)
p.save()
现在你的 imagefile 是相对于你的媒体源 (../dataplots) 的，被复制到 MEDIA_ROOT，一切都应该按计划进行。这是您的命令的样子
manage.py addphoto 'monitoring/test.png' --media_source='../dataplots'
应该将您的数据图复制到 MEDIA_ROOT，然后按预期创建 Photo 实体。
原答案：
你能 post 下一行中的 get_storage_path 是什么吗:
class ImageModel(models.Model):
image = models.ImageField(_('image'),
max_length=IMAGE_FIELD_MAX_LENGTH,
upload_to=get_storage_path) # <-- here
在我知道那是什么之前，这个答案会有些不完整，但我想我明白了你的问题。看你的命令是运行:
./manage.py addphoto '../dataplots/monitoring/test.png' --traceback
你的 imagefile 参数是 ../dataplots/monitoring/test.png。如果 get_storage_path return 是相同的路径，路径的开头是 ../，那么您将指定一个不在 MEDIA_ROOT 目录中的上传路径，但在其父目录中。我认为它正在尝试上传到 MEDIA_ROOT/../dataplots/monitoring/test.png，如回溯中的第一个 SuspiciousFileOperation 所示：
# note: linebreaks and indentation added for readability
django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousFileOperation:
The joined path (/home/user/mysite/dataplots/monitoring/test.png)
is located outside of the base path component (/home/user/mysite/media)
所以它正在尝试上传到 MEDIA_ROOT/imagefile，但是 imagefile 以 ../ 开头，这是不允许的。
如果确实是这个问题（很难说直到你 post 代码 get_storage_path），那么有很多方法可以解决这个问题。也许最快的解决方法就是将 dataplots 目录移动到与 manage.py:
mv ../dataplots ./dataplots
这应该可以直接解决您的问题，因为您不再需要 ../，但您可能不希望项目目录中包含所有这些数据图，因此这是一个快速但效果不佳的解决方案。潜在的问题是源文件的路径和你上传源文件的路径不应该相等。我认为您应该更改命令参数以包含 image_source 和 image_destination，或者您可以包含 source_media_root 和 imagefile，其中 ../ 是 source_media_root，并且 imagefile 是相对于 source_media_root 和 MEDIA_ROOT 中所需的目标位置...有很多解决方案，但我不能完全提供正确的代码一个，直到我知道 get_storage_path 是什么（我假设它是一个函数 return 或可以 return imagefile 参数的一种或另一种方式）。
这是我最终创建的自定义 addphoto.py 命令的工作版本。
图像文件需要在MEDIA_ROOT/photologue/photos以内以便于导入。使用 ./manage.py addphoto 'photologue/photos/test.png' 执行命令。请注意，有一个 --gallery 选项可将图像添加到图库，前提是图库的 slug.
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils import timezone
from photologue.models import Photo, Gallery
import os
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
class Command(BaseCommand):
help = 'Adds a photo to Photologue.'
def add_arguments(self, parser):
parser.add_argument('imagefile',
type=str)
parser.add_argument('--title',
type=str)
parser.add_argument('--date_added',
type=str,
help="datetime string in 'YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' format [UTC]")
parser.add_argument('--gallery',
type=str)
def handle(self, *args, **options):
imagefile = options['imagefile']
base = os.path.basename(imagefile)
if options['title']:
title = options['title']
else:
title = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
if options['date_added']:
date_added = datetime.strptime(options['date_added'],'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
else:
date_added = timezone.now()
try:
p = Photo(image=imagefile, title=title, slug=title, date_added=date_added)
except:
raise CommandError('Photo "%s" could not be added' % base)
p.save()
self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('Successfully added photo "%s"' % p))
if options['gallery']:
try:
g = Gallery.objects.get(slug=options['gallery'])
except:
raise CommandError('Gallery "%s" does not exist' % options['gallery'])
p.galleries.add(g.pk)
p.save()
self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('Successfully added photo to gallery "%s"' % g))