从嵌套的 SpatialPolygonsDataFrame 中提取父多边形或从父多边形中提取 'Dissolving' 个孔

Extracting the parent polygon from a nested SpatialPolygonsDataFrame or 'Dissolving' holes from a parent ploygon

编辑 经过更多研究但仍然没有解决方案,我正在添加大量编辑以及 link 到 .shp 文件。

The shape file is included here

我有一个包含 9 个多边形的 SpatialPolygonsDataFrame,每个多边形还包含多个嵌套多边形 - 'holes'。数据摘要在这里。

> summary(data)
Object of class SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
Coordinates:
        min       max
x  483298.9  643204.4
y 4782172.1 4997248.3
Is projected: TRUE 
proj4string :
[+proj=utm +zone=12 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0]
Data attributes:
       Id          IndID  
 Min.   :0   BHS_011_A:1  
 1st Qu.:0   BHS_015_A:1  
 Median :0   BHS_083_A:1  
 Mean   :0   BHS_089_A:1  
 3rd Qu.:0   BHS_091_A:1  
 Max.   :0   BHS_129_A:1  
             (Other)  :3  

数据 structure 的示例如下。

Formal class 'SpatialPolygonsDataFrame' [package "sp"] with 5 slots
  ..@ data       :'data.frame': 9 obs. of  2 variables:
  .. ..$ Id   : int [1:9] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  .. ..$ IndID: Factor w/ 9 levels "BHS_011_A","BHS_015_A",..: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  ..@ polygons   :List of 9
  .. ..$ :Formal class 'Polygons' [package "sp"] with 5 slots
  .. .. .. ..@ Polygons :List of 5
  .. .. .. .. ..$ :Formal class 'Polygon' [package "sp"] with 5 slots
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ labpt  : num [1:2] 513497 4986246
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ area   : num 76614017
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ hole   : logi FALSE
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ ringDir: int 1
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ coords : num [1:287, 1:2] 509244 507384 507214 507010 506899 ...
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : NULL
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:2] "x" "y"
  .. .. .. .. ..$ :Formal class 'Polygon' [package "sp"] with 5 slots
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ labpt  : num [1:2] 509678 4979511
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ area   : num 1462398
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ hole   : logi TRUE
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ ringDir: int -1
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ coords : num [1:7, 1:2] 509301 509269 509194 509007 509412 ...
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : NULL
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:2] "x" "y"
  .. .. .. .. ..$ :Formal class 'Polygon' [package "sp"] with 5 slots
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ labpt  : num [1:2] 515572 4988493
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ area   : num 1579348
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ hole   : logi TRUE
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ ringDir: int -1
  .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ coords : num [1:10, 1:2] 514520 514570 514684 516501 515996 ...
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : NULL
  .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:2] "x" "y"

如下例(九个之一)所示,父多边形有多个孔。

data <- readOGR(".", "IndLineBuff")
plot(data[data$IndID == "MTG_005_A",])

这是我第一次涉足 sp()rgdal()rgeos() 和其他空间包,我发现了很多关于使用运算符提取的有用帖子区域等,但问题仍然存在。虽然 this post 提供了接近的解决方案,但我似乎无法调整代码以满足此处描述的需求。

我想获得一个 SpatialPolygonsDataFrame,它只包含来自每组子列表(即 data@polygon)的父(最大)多边形。看来我应该只能提取父多边形或 'dissolve' 孔。

最终结果是 9 个多边形,每个都是 9 个列表的父项,我可以将其导出为 ESRI shapefile。

如有任何建议,我们将不胜感激。

以下 hack 可能有效:

data@polygons = lapply(data@polygons, function(x) { x@Polygons = x@Polygons[1]; x})
plot(data[data$IndID == "MTG_005_A",])

在你的情况下,你似乎已经缓冲了线性特征,并希望消除由此产生的多边形中的孔洞。 9 个多边形中的每一个似乎都由主多边形和后跟一组整体组成。该函数选择此列表中的第一个,返回所需的列表列表。要理解 class 结构,请仔细研究 ?"SpatialPolygons-class"?"Polygons-class"?"Polygon-class"

当我第一次学习 sp 和相关包时,我发现 Barry Rowlingson 的网站非常有用。

它包括:

回答你的问题,这很混乱,因为你正在处理一连串的事情,但这是可以做到的。

以下代码似乎有效(我已经在我已有的 shapefile 上测试了它(),而不是下载你的)。如果在读入后将 NSWACTA 替换为 shapefile 的名称,它 应该 适合您的情况。虽然没有承诺 :-)。

第一部分是介绍性的,展示了 类 的所有列表的情况。希望这可以帮助您弄清楚发生了什么。它是 dropHole 函数和它的方法,它实际上做你想做的事。

class(NSWACTA)
# NSWACTA has class sp::SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
slotNames(NSWACTA)
# The SpatialPolygonsDataFrame has a slot called @polygons
class(NSWACTA@polygons)
# The @polgyons slot contains a list
class(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]])
# Elements of that list are of class sp::Polygons 
slotNames(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]])
# An sp::Polygons class has several slots, one of which is @Polygons
class(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]]@Polygons)
# The @Polygons slot contains a list
class(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]]@Polygons[[1]])
# The entries in the @Polygons list are of class sp::Polygon
slotNames(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]]@Polygons[[1]])
# An sp::Polygon has several slots. 
# @coords holds the coordinates which define the boundary.
# @hole is a logical field indicating whether or not the sp::Polygon is a hole 

setGeneric('dropHole',def=function(poly, ...){
  standardGeneric('dropHole')
})

# Drop a single sp::Polygon if it is holey
setMethod('dropHole',signature=signature('Polygon'),
          def=function(poly) {
            #return only Polygons which are not holes
            if (poly@hole) NULL else poly
          }
          )

# Drop holey sp::Polygon entries in the @Polygons list of an sp::Polygons class
setMethod('dropHole', signature = signature('Polygons'),
          def = function(poly) {
            noHoles <- lapply(poly@Polygons, dropHole)
            #Remove the NULL entries from the list
            noHoles <- Filter(Negate(is.null), noHoles)
            # Turn back into a (single) Polygons
            # The generator function (sp::Polygons) fills in the other slots!
            # return the new sp:Polygons object
            sp::Polygons(noHoles, ID = poly@ID)
          }
          )

# Drop holey parts of sp::Polygons in the @polygons list 
# of an sp::SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
setMethod('dropHole', signature = signature('SpatialPolygonsDataFrame'),
          def = function(poly) {
            noHoles <- lapply(poly@polygons, dropHole)
            # Put the un holey Polygons list back into the @polygons slot 
            poly@polygons <- noHoles
            #return the modified SpatialPolygonsDataFrame 
            poly
          }
          )

newmap <- dropHole(NSWACTA)

这是第一部分的输出。 注意注意名字大小写、单复数的区别! (即多边形、多边形和多边形)

d> class(NSWACTA)
[1] "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
attr(,"package")
[1] "sp"
d> # NSWACTA has class sp::SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
d> slotNames(NSWACTA)
[1] "data"        "polygons"    "plotOrder"   "bbox"        "proj4string"
d> # The SpatialPolygonsDataFrame has a slot called @polygons
d> class(NSWACTA@polygons)
[1] "list"
d> # The @polgyons slot contains a list
d> class(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]])
[1] "Polygons"
attr(,"package")
[1] "sp"
d> # Elements of that list are of class sp::Polygons 
d> slotNames(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]])
[1] "Polygons"  "plotOrder" "labpt"     "ID"        "area"     
d> # An sp::Polygons class has several slots, one of which is @Polygons
d> class(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]]@Polygons)
[1] "list"
d> # The @Polygons slot contains a list
d> class(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]]@Polygons[[1]])
[1] "Polygon"
attr(,"package")
[1] "sp"
d> # The entries in the @Polygons list are of class sp::Polygon
d> slotNames(NSWACTA@polygons[[1]]@Polygons[[1]])
[1] "labpt"   "area"    "hole"    "ringDir" "coords" 
d> # An sp::Polygon has several slots. 
d> # @coords holds the coordinates which define the boundary.
d> # @hole is a logical field indicating whether or not the sp::Polygon is a hole