在使用 forEach 循环执行每次迭代后添加延迟

Add a delay after executing each iteration with forEach loop

有没有一种简单的方法可以减慢 forEach 中的迭代速度(使用普通 javascript)?例如:

var items = document.querySelector('.item');

items.forEach(function(el) {
  // do stuff with el and pause before the next el;
});

您需要使用 setTimeout 来创建延迟并进行递归实现

你的例子应该是这样的

var items = ['a', 'b', 'c']
var i = 0;
(function loopIt(i) {
  setTimeout(function(){
      // your code handling here
      console.log(items[i]);
      if(i < items.length - 1)  loopIt(i+1)
    }, 2000);
})(i)

首先你必须改变你的代码:

var items = document.querySelectorAll('.item'), i;

for (i = 0; i < items.length; ++i) {
  // items[i] <--- your element
}

You can loop over Arrays easily in JavaScript with forEach, but unfortunately, it's not that simple with the results of a querySelectorAll

了解更多信息 here

我可以建议您阅读这篇文章answer,找到正确的睡眠解决方案

您可以使用 async/awaitPromise 构造函数、setTimeout()for..of 循环按顺序执行任务,其中可以设置 duration执行任务

(async() => {

  const items = [{
    prop: "a",
    delay: Math.floor(Math.random() * 1001)
  }, {
    prop: "b",
    delay: 2500
  }, {
    prop: "c",
    delay: 1200
  }];

  const fx = ({prop, delay}) =>
    new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay, prop)) // delay
    .then(data => console.log(data)) // do stuff

  for (let {prop, delay} of items) {
    // do stuff with el and pause before the next el;
    let curr = await fx({prop, delay});
  };
})();

我认为递归提供了最简单的解决方案。

function slowIterate(arr) {
  if (arr.length === 0) {
    return;
  }
  console.log(arr[0]); // <-- replace with your custom code 
  setTimeout(() => {
    slowIterate(arr.slice(1));
  }, 1000); // <-- replace with your desired delay (in milliseconds) 
}

slowIterate(Array.from(document.querySelector('.item')));

Generators

function* elGenLoop (els) {
  let count = 0;

  while (count < els.length) {
    yield els[count++];
  }
}

// This will also work with a NodeList
// Such as `const elList = elGenLoop(document.querySelector('.item'));`
const elList = elGenLoop(['one', 'two', 'three']);

console.log(elList.next().value); // one
console.log(elList.next().value); // two
console.log(elList.next().value); // three

这使您可以完全控制何时访问列表中的下一个迭代。

使用 Array#forEach 完全可以实现您想要实现的目标 — 尽管您可能会以不同的方式想到它。你可以做这样的事情:

var array = ['some', 'array', 'containing', 'words'];
array.forEach(function (el) {
  console.log(el);
  wait(1000); // wait 1000 milliseconds
});
console.log('Loop finished.');

... 并得到输出:

some
array          // one second later
containing     // two seconds later
words          // three seconds later
Loop finished. // four seconds later

JavaScript 中没有同步 waitsleep 函数阻塞其后的所有代码。

在 JavaScript 中延迟某些事情的唯一方法是采用非阻塞方式。这意味着使用 setTimeout 或其亲戚之一。我们可以使用传递给 Array#forEach 的函数的第二个参数:它包含当前元素的索引:

var array = ['some', 'array', 'containing', 'words'];
var interval = 1000; // how much time should the delay between two iterations be (in milliseconds)?
array.forEach(function (el, index) {
  setTimeout(function () {
    console.log(el);
  }, index * interval);
});
console.log('Loop finished.');

使用index,我们可以计算何时应该执行函数。但是现在我们有一个不同的问题:console.log('Loop finished.') 在循环的第一次迭代 之前 执行。那是因为 setTimout 是非阻塞的。

JavaScript 在循环中设置超时,但它不会等待超时完成。它只是继续执行 forEach.

之后的代码

为了处理这个问题,我们可以使用 Promises。让我们构建一个承诺链:

var array = ['some', 'array', 'containing', 'words'];
var interval = 1000; // how much time should the delay between two iterations be (in milliseconds)?
var promise = Promise.resolve();
array.forEach(function (el) {
  promise = promise.then(function () {
    console.log(el);
    return new Promise(function (resolve) {
      setTimeout(resolve, interval);
    });
  });
});

promise.then(function () {
  console.log('Loop finished.');
});

有一篇关于 Promises 的优秀文章与 forEach/map/filter here.


如果数组可以动态变化,我会变得更棘手。在那种情况下,我认为 Array#forEach 不应该被使用。试试这个:

var array = ['some', 'array', 'containing', 'words'];
var interval = 2000; // how much time should the delay between two iterations be (in milliseconds)?

var loop = function () {
  return new Promise(function (outerResolve) {
    var promise = Promise.resolve();
    var i = 0;
    var next = function () {
      var el = array[i];
      // your code here
      console.log(el);
      if (++i < array.length) {
        promise = promise.then(function () {
          return new Promise(function (resolve) {
            setTimeout(function () {
              resolve();
              next();
            }, interval);
          });
        });
      } else {
        setTimeout(outerResolve, interval);
        // or just call outerResolve() if you don't want to wait after the last element
      }
    };
    next();
  });
};

loop().then(function () {
  console.log('Loop finished.');
});

var input = document.querySelector('input');
document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', function () {
  // add the new item to the array
  array.push(input.value);
  input.value = '';
});
<input type="text">
<button>Add to array</button>

您可以做出承诺并将其与 for 一起使用,示例必须在 async / await 函数中:

    let myPromise = () => new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(function(){
        resolve('Count')
      }, 1000)
    })
  
    for (let index = 0; index < 100; index++) {
      let count = await myPromise()
      console.log(`${count}: ${index}`)    
    }

使用 JS Promises 和 asnyc/await 语法,您可以创建一个真正有效的 sleep 函数。但是,forEach 会同步调用每个迭代,因此您会延迟 1 秒,然后会同时调用所有项目。

const items = ["abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl"];

const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res, ms));

items.forEach(async (item) => {
  await sleep(1000);
  console.log(item);
});

我们可以做的是使用 setIntervalclearInterval(或 setTimeout 但我们使用前者)来制作一个定时 forEach 循环,如下所示:

function forEachWithDelay(array, callback, delay) {
  let i = 0;
  let interval = setInterval(() => {
    callback(array[i], i, array);
    if (++i === array.length) clearInterval(interval);
  }, delay);
}

const items = ["abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl"];

forEachWithDelay(items, (item, i) => console.log(`#${i}: ${item}`), 1000);