代码给出 TypeError

Question

class GameCharacter(object):

    __name = ""
    __health = 0
    __experience = 0

    def __init__(self, name, health, experience):
        self.__name = name
        self.__health = health
        self.__experience = experience


    def getName(self):
        return self.__name

    def adventure( e ):
        self.__experience += e

    def __str__(self):
        return self.__name+ " is a " + str(type(self)) + " with: \n HEALTH: " \
        + str(self.__health) + " and EXPERIENCE: " + str(self.__experience)


gc = GameCharacter("gc", 10, 20)
print(gc)


class Wizard(GameCharacter):

    __spells = {}
    __knowledge = 0

    def __init__(self, name, health, experience, spells, knowledge):
        super().__init__(name, health, experience)
        self.__spells = spells
        self.__knowledge = knowledge

    def __str__(self):
        return (super().__str__() + "\n SPELLS: " + str(self.__spells) \
                + " and KNOWLEDGE: " + str(self.__knowledge))

    def learn( k ):
        self.__knowledge += k

    # This method returns damage amount which is calculated as follows:
    # select a random spell from the dictionary of spells using
    # the knowledge value as the range, damage = potency of spell 
    def castSpell():
        #?????
        pass



class Warrior(GameCharacter):

    __weapons = {}
    __skill = 0

    def __init__(self, name, health, experience, spells, skill):
        pass

    def __str__(self):
        return "This needs to be implemented..."

    #this method updates the value of __skill by  s
    def train( s ):
        pass

    # This method returns damage amount which is calculated as follows:
    # select a random weapon from the dictionary of weapons using
    # the skill value as the range, damage = strength of weapon
    def useWeapon():
        pass


wiz1 = Wizard("Wizzy", 100, 50, {}, 5 )
print(wiz1)

warr1 = Warrior("Warry", 100, 75, {}, 10)
print (warr1)

class AdventureGame():

    #initializes the game characters
    def __init__(self, wizard, warrior):
        pass

    #returns a string representing information about the game characters
    def __str__(self):
        pass

    #generates a random number in range 0-5 for wizard: wizard gains knowledge by this much
    #generates a random number in range 0-5 for warrior: warrior gains strength by this much
    def adventure(self):
        pass

    #generates a random number in range 0-5 for wizard: wizard loses knowledge by this much
    #generates a random number in range 0-5 for warrior: warrior loses strength by this much
    def peril(self):
        pass

    #wizard casts a spell
    #warrior draws a weapon
    #return the winner - who has more health, or tie --> wizard|warrior|tie
    def battle(self):
        pass

我试图将此代码编译为 py 2.7.11，但它给出了此输出

gc is a <class '__main__.GameCharacter'> with: 
 HEALTH: 10 and EXPERIENCE: 20

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Muhammad Danial/Desktop/sample.py", line 76, in <module>
    wiz1 = Wizard("Wizzy", 100, 50, {}, 5 )
  File "C:/Users/Muhammad Danial/Desktop/sample.py", line 34, in __init__
    super().__init__(name, health, experience)
TypeError: super() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)

谁来指出我的错误。我认为代码中缺少一部分。可能是用最新版本编写的导致此错误。我试图在 super 中传递参数，但每次都遇到一种新的错误。

Answer 1

在 Python2 super() 中引用 cls (class) 和 self (class 实例) 作为参数。

看这里：

super() should not be considered the standard way of calling a method of the base class. This did not change with Python 3.x. The only thing that changed is that you don't need to pass the arguments self, cls in the standard case that self is the first parameter of the current function and cls is the class currently being defined.

现在，当我运行您在 Python3 中的代码时，我没有收到任何错误。

Answer 2

此处调用 super 的正确方法是使用以下参数：

super(Wizard, self)

因为 python2 中的 super 需要参数（在 python3 中可以只做 super()）

查看 docs for super 了解更多详情

编辑：看来这个错误在您的代码中重复了多次，请记住，由于同样的问题，有些事情将无法正常工作。确保只在需要时使用 super 并正确使用

Answer 3

此代码适用于 Python 3.x。

尝试Python3.X，或修改代码

super().__init__(name, health, experience)

至

super(Wizard, self).__init__(name, health, experience)

在2.x中，你应该为super()的参数写'own class name'和'self'。

代码给出 TypeError

The code is giving TypeError

python

typeerror

superclass