Gherkin 嵌套步骤的含义

Question

我正在我的项目中编写 Gherkin 测试用例和 Java 步骤定义。我是 Gherkin 的新手，正在尝试理解嵌套步骤的含义。你能帮我理解给出的第二种情况是否涉及嵌套步骤吗？

在我的示例中，我想在给定语句逻辑的第二个场景中重用第一个场景代码。有没有最好的方法来重用或重写逻辑？注意：下面的例子只是为了解释我的问题。它可能不是一个好的小黄瓜。

Background:
    Given The application is opened

Scenario: Successful Login
    Given the user name and password are entered
    When login button is clicked
    Then user login is successful

Scenario: Add Address Successful
    Given user login is successful
    And Add Address button is clicked
    And user city, country are entered
    when Submit button is clicked

Answer 1

嵌套步骤是指在 "main" 中调用已定义的步骤。在您的示例中，第一个场景具有登录功能，它将/可以用于所有其他需要用户登录的场景。

因此，第二个场景将有一个 Given 步骤调用第一个场景的登录操作/步骤。有多种方法可以做到这一点：

1. 如果您在同一个 class 中定义这些步骤，只需在不同的步骤/方法中调用相同的方法即可。

像这样：

public class TestStepsOne {

    // Steps from first scenario

    @Given("^the user name and password are entered$")
    public void enterUsernamePassword() throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("User and password entered");
    }

    @When("^login button is clicked$")
    public void clickLoginButton() throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("Clicked login button");
    }

    @Then("^user login is successful$")
    public void isLoggedIn() throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("Logged in!");
    }

    // All together

    @Given("the user is logged in")
    public void loginSuccessfully() throws Throwable {
        enterUsernamePassword();
        clickLoginButton();
        isLoggedIn();
    }
}

现在您可以在任何场景中使用Given the user is logged in，它会执行登录操作。

2。使用 Picocontainer -> 详细信息 here

首先你需要将这些依赖添加到你的 pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.picocontainer</groupId>
    <artifactId>picocontainer</artifactId>
    <version>2.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-picocontainer</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>

您可以分开您的步骤定义。

像这样：

public class TestStepsOne {

    // Same as above, without the nested one

}

第二个class:

public class TestStepsTwo {
    private final TestStepsOne testStepsOne;

    public TestStepsTwo(TestStepsOne testStepsOne) {
        this.testStepsOne = testStepsOne;
    }

    @Given("the user is logged in")
    public void loginSuccessfully() throws Throwable {
        testStepsOne.enterUsernamePassword();
        testStepsOne.clickLoginButton();
        testStepsOne.isLoggedIn();
    }
}

3。使用 cuke4duke -> 详细信息 here ，包括示例

像这样：

public class CallingSteps extends Steps {
    public CallingSteps(StepMother stepMother) {
        super(stepMother);
    }

    @When("^I call another step$")
    public void iCallAnotherStep() {
        Given("the user is logged in"); // This will call a step defined somewhere else.
    }
}

希望对您有所帮助

Gherkin 嵌套步骤的含义

Gherkin Nested Steps meaning

cucumber

rest-assured

gherkin

cucumber-java