为什么这个 HasField 实例没有被解析?

Why is this HasField instance not being resolved?

我正在使用 GHC 8.2.1。我有以下模块:

{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
{-# LANGUAGE UndecidableInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeApplications #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
module Moat (Moat,moat) where

import GHC.Records (HasField(..))

newtype Moat r = Moat r

moat :: r -> Moat r
moat = Moat

instance HasField s r v => HasField s (Moat r) v where
    getField (Moat r) = getField @s r

还有这个:

module Foo (Foo(..)) where

data Foo a = Foo { getDims :: (Int, Int), getData :: [a] }

我的问题是,当我导入了两个模块并尝试执行如下操作时:

{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeApplications #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds #-}
import Moat
import Foo
import GHC.Records

oops :: (Int,Int)
oops = getField @"getDims" (moat (Foo (5,5) ['c']))

我收到这个错误:

No instance for (HasField "getDims" (Moat (Foo Char)) (Int, Int))
       arising from a use of ‘getField’

为什么 HasField 实例没有被解析?

通过在定义 HasField 实例的 Moat 模块中启用 {-# LANGUAGE PolyKinds #-} 解决了该问题。

我想这与 HasField typeclass 是 poly-kinded 有关:

λ :info HasField
class HasField k (x :: k) r a | x r -> a where
    getField :: r -> a

这允许我们定义 HasField 个像这样的实例,其中字段选择器是非 Symbol 类型:

import GHC.Records
data A = A B
data B = B deriving Show
instance HasField B A B where
    getField (A b) = b

在 ghci 中:

λ> getField @B (A B)
B