ASP.NET Core 2.0 Bearer Auth without Identity

Question

一天前开始在 .NET Core 2.0 上实现独立的承载身份验证 Webapi 时，我认为我的目标很简单，但我还没有远程获得任何东西在职的。这是我正在尝试做的事情的列表：

实施不记名令牌保护网络api
从同一项目中的端点发布令牌和刷新令牌
使用 [授权] 属性控制对 api 表面的访问
不使用ASP.Net身份（我有更轻的权重user/membership reqs）

我完全可以在登录中构建 identity/claims/principal 并将其添加到请求上下文中，但我还没有看到一个关于如何在核心中发布和使用 auth/refresh 令牌的示例2.0 webapi 没有身份。我看过 1.x MSDN cookies without Identity 示例，但这并没有让我对满足上述要求有足够的理解。

我觉得这可能是一个常见的场景，不应该这么难（也许不是，也许只是缺少 documentation/examples？）。据我所知，IdentityServer4 与 Core 2.0 Auth 不兼容，opendiddict 似乎需要 Identity。我也不想在单独的进程中托管令牌端点，而是在同一个 webapi 实例中。

谁能给我举个具体的例子，或者至少就什么是最好的 steps/options 提供一些指导？

Answer 1

进行了编辑以使其与 ASP.NET Core 2.0 兼容。

首先，一些 Nuget 包：

Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt
System.Security.Cryptography.Csp

然后是一些基本的数据传输对象。

// Presumably you will have an equivalent user account class with a user name.
public class User
{
    public string UserName { get; set; }
}

public class JsonWebToken
{
    public string access_token { get; set; }

    public string token_type { get; set; } = "bearer";

    public int expires_in { get; set; }

    public string refresh_token { get; set; }
}

要获得正确的功能，您需要一个 login/token 网络方法来实际将授权令牌发送给用户。

[Route("api/token")]
public class TokenController : Controller
{
    private ITokenProvider _tokenProvider;

    public TokenController(ITokenProvider tokenProvider) // We'll create this later, don't worry.
    {
        _tokenProvider = tokenProvider;
    }

    public JsonWebToken Get([FromQuery] string grant_type, [FromQuery] string username, [FromQuery] string password, [FromQuery] string refresh_token)
    {
        // Authenticate depending on the grant type.
        User user = grant_type == "refresh_token" ? GetUserByToken(refresh_token) : GetUserByCredentials(username, password);

        if (user == null)
            throw new UnauthorizedAccessException("No!");

        int ageInMinutes = 20;  // However long you want...

        DateTime expiry = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(ageInMinutes);

        var token = new JsonWebToken {
            access_token = _tokenProvider.CreateToken(user, expiry),
            expires_in   = ageInMinutes * 60
        };

        if (grant_type != "refresh_token")
            token.refresh_token = GenerateRefreshToken(user);

        return token;
    }

    private User GetUserByToken(string refreshToken)
    {
        // TODO: Check token against your database.
        if (refreshToken == "test")
            return new User { UserName = "test" };

        return null;
    }

    private User GetUserByCredentials(string username, string password)
    {
        // TODO: Check username/password against your database.
        if (username == password)
            return new User { UserName = username };

        return null;
    }

    private string GenerateRefreshToken(User user)
    {
        // TODO: Create and persist a refresh token.
        return "test";
    }
}

您可能注意到令牌创建仍然只是 "magic" 由一些虚构的 ITokenProvider 传递。定义令牌提供者接口。

public interface ITokenProvider
{
    string CreateToken(User user, DateTime expiry);

    // TokenValidationParameters is from Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens
    TokenValidationParameters GetValidationParameters();
}

我在 JWT 上使用 RSA 安全密钥实现了令牌创建。所以...

public class RsaJwtTokenProvider : ITokenProvider
{
    private RsaSecurityKey _key;
    private string _algorithm;
    private string _issuer;
    private string _audience;

    public RsaJwtTokenProvider(string issuer, string audience, string keyName)
    {
        var parameters = new CspParameters { KeyContainerName = keyName };
        var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(2048, parameters);

        _key = new RsaSecurityKey(provider);

        _algorithm = SecurityAlgorithms.RsaSha256Signature;
        _issuer = issuer;
        _audience = audience;
    }

    public string CreateToken(User user, DateTime expiry)
    {
        JwtSecurityTokenHandler tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();

        ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(new GenericIdentity(user.UserName, "jwt"));

        // TODO: Add whatever claims the user may have...

        SecurityToken token = tokenHandler.CreateJwtSecurityToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor
        {
            Audience = _audience,
            Issuer = _issuer,
            SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(_key, _algorithm),
            Expires = expiry.ToUniversalTime(),
            Subject = identity
        });

        return tokenHandler.WriteToken(token);
    }

    public TokenValidationParameters GetValidationParameters()
    {
        return new TokenValidationParameters
        {
            IssuerSigningKey = _key,
            ValidAudience = _audience,
            ValidIssuer = _issuer,
            ValidateLifetime = true,
            ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0) // Identity and resource servers are the same.
        };
    }
}

所以你现在正在生成令牌。是时候实际验证它们并将其连接起来了。转到您的 Startup.cs.

在ConfigureServices()

var tokenProvider = new RsaJwtTokenProvider("issuer", "audience", "mykeyname");
services.AddSingleton<ITokenProvider>(tokenProvider);

services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
    .AddJwtBearer(options => {
        options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
        options.TokenValidationParameters = tokenProvider.GetValidationParameters();
    });

// This is for the [Authorize] attributes.
services.AddAuthorization(auth => {
    auth.DefaultPolicy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
        .AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
        .RequireAuthenticatedUser()
        .Build();
});

然后Configure()

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    app.UseAuthentication();

    // Whatever else you're putting in here...

    app.UseMvc();
}

这应该就是您所需要的全部。希望我没有错过任何东西。

令人高兴的结果是...

[Authorize] // Yay!
[Route("api/values")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
    // ...
}

Answer 2

关注@Mitch 的回答：Auth 堆栈在迁移到 .NET Core 2.0 时发生了很大变化。下面的答案只是使用新的实现。

using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;

namespace JwtWithoutIdentity
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
                .AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
                {
                    cfg.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                    cfg.SaveToken = true;

                    cfg.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters()
                    {
                        ValidIssuer = "me",
                        ValidAudience = "you",
                        IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("rlyaKithdrYVl6Z80ODU350md")) //Secret
                    };

                });

            services.AddMvc();
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseMvc();
        }
    }
}

令牌控制器

using System;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using JwtWithoutIdentity.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;

namespace JwtWithoutIdentity.Controllers
{
    public class TokenController : Controller
    {

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [Route("api/token")]
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Token(LoginViewModel model)
        {

            if (!ModelState.IsValid) return BadRequest("Token failed to generate");

            var user = (model.Password == "password" && model.Username == "username");

            if (!user) return Unauthorized();

            //Add Claims
            var claims = new[]
            {
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.UniqueName, "data"),
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, "data"),
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
            };

            var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("rlyaKithdrYVl6Z80ODU350md")); //Secret
            var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);

            var token = new JwtSecurityToken("me",
                "you",
                claims,
                expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30),
                signingCredentials: creds);

            return Ok(new JsonWebToken()
            {
                access_token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token),
                expires_in = 600000,
                token_type = "bearer"
            });
        }
    }
}

值控制器

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace JwtWithoutIdentity.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class ValuesController : Controller
    {
        // GET api/values
        [Authorize]
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            var name = User.Identity.Name;
            var claims = User.Claims;

            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
        }
    }
}

希望对您有所帮助！

ASP.NET Core 2.0 Bearer Auth without Identity

ASP.NET Core 2.0 Bearer Auth without Identity

asp.net

bearer-token

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